Solvation in Space-Time: Pre-transition Effects in Trajectory Space

Abstract

We demonstrate pre-transition effects in space-time in trajectories of systems in which the dynamics displays a first-order phase transition between distinct dynamical phases. These effects are analogous to those observed for thermodynamic first-order phase transitions, most notably the hydrophobic effect in water. Considering the (infinite temperature) East model as an elementary example, we study the properties of "space-time solvation" by examining trajectories where finite space-time regions are conditioned to be inactive in an otherwise active phase. Analogous to ideal hydrophobic solutes in water, we show that solvating an inactive region of space-time within an active trajectory shows two regimes in the dynamical equivalent of solvation free energy: an "entropic" small solute regime in which uncorrelated fluctuations are sufficient to evacuate activity from the solute, and an "energetic" large solute regime which involves the formation of a solute-induced inactive domain with an associated active-inactive interface bearing a dynamical interfacial tension. We also show that as a result of this dynamical interfacial tension there is a dynamical analog of the hydrophobic collapse that drives the assembly of large hydrophobes in water. We discuss the general relevance of these results to the properties of dynamical fluctuations in systems with slow collective relaxation such as glass formers.

Updated title, made clarifications

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Cited by in corpus (11)

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• Glassy dynamics due to a trajectory phase transition in dissipative Rydberg gases
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• Configuration-tree Theoretical Calculation of the Mean-Squared Displacement of Particles in Glass Formers
• Dynamical coexistence in moderately polydisperse hard-sphere glasses
• Topographic control of order in quasi-2D granular phase transitions
• Exact pre-transition effects in kinetically constrained circuits: dynamical fluctuations in the Floquet-East model
• Theory for Glassy Behavior of Supercooled Liquid Mixtures
• Exact results on the dynamics of the stochastic Floquet-East model
• Long-ranged correlations in large deviations of local clustering
• Revealing emergent many-body phenomena by analyzing large-scale space-time records of monitored quantum systems