Neutrino oscillations: the rise of the PMNS paradigm

Abstract

Since the discovery of neutrino oscillations, the experimental progress in the last two decades has been very fast, with the precision measurements of the neutrino squared-mass differences and of the mixing angles, including the last unknown mixing angle ${\theta }_{13}$. Today a very large set of oscillation results obtained with a variety of experimental configurations and techniques can be interpreted in the framework of three active massive neutrinos, whose mass and flavour eigenstates are related by a 3 $\times$ 3 unitary mixing matrix, the Pontecorvo-Maki-Nakagawa-Sakata (PMNS) matrix, parameterized by three mixing angles ${\theta }_{12}$, ${\theta }_{23}$, ${\theta }_{13}$ and a CP-violating phase ${\delta }_{CP}$. The additional parameters governing neutrino oscillations are the squared-mass differences $\Delta m_{ji}^2=m_j^2-m_i^2$, where $m_i$ is the mass of the $i$th neutrino mass eigenstate. This review covers the rise of the PMNS three-neutrino mixing paradigm and the current status of the experimental determination of its parameters. The next years will continue to see a rich program of experimental endeavour coming to fruition and addressing the three missing pieces of the puzzle, namely the determination of the octant and precise value of the mixing angle ${\theta }_{23}$, the unveiling of the neutrino mass ordering (whether $m_1<m_2<m_3$ or $m_3<m_1<m_2$) and the measurement of the CP-violating phase \dcp.

arXiv comment82 pages, 31 figures. The revised version has a few typos corrected and one reference added

References in corpus (127)

• Planck 2015 results. XIII. Cosmological parameters
• Evidence for oscillation of atmospheric neutrinos
• Direct Evidence for Neutrino Flavor Transformation from Neutral-Current Interactions in the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory
• First Results from KamLAND: Evidence for Reactor Anti-Neutrino Disappearance
• Observation of electron-antineutrino disappearance at Daya Bay
• Observation of Reactor Electron Antineutrino Disappearance in the RENO Experiment
• Evidence for Neutrino Oscillations from the Observation of Electron Anti-neutrinos in a Muon Anti-Neutrino Beam
• Indication of Electron Neutrino Appearance from an Accelerator-produced Off-axis Muon Neutrino Beam
• Neutrino Physics with JUNO
• Improved Predictions of Reactor Antineutrino Spectra
• Letter of Intent for KM3NeT 2.0
• Search for neutrino oscillations on a long base-line at the CHOOZ nuclear power station
• A Measurement of Atmospheric Neutrino Oscillation Parameters by Super-Kamiokande I
• Phenomenology with Massive Neutrinos
• Measurement of Neutrino Oscillation by the K2K Experiment
• ANTARES: the first undersea neutrino telescope
• From eV to EeV: Neutrino Cross Sections Across Energy Scales
• Evidence for an oscillatory signature in atmospheric neutrino oscillation
• Measurement of the solar neutrino capture rate with gallium metal. III: Results for the 2002--2007 data-taking period
• Precision measurement of the 7Be solar neutrino interaction rate in Borexino
• Golden measurements at a neutrino factory
• Theory of neutrinoless double beta decay
• Improved Search for ${\bar{\nu }}_{\mu }\to {\bar{\nu }}_e$ Oscillations in the MiniBooNE Experiment
• Observation of Electron Neutrino Appearance in a Muon Neutrino Beam
• Sterile Neutrino Oscillations: The Global Picture
• Theory of Neutrinos: A White Paper
• Neutrino oscillations refitted
• Reanalysis of the GALLEX solar neutrino flux and source experiments
• The angular distribution of the reaction ${\bar{\nu }}_e+p\to e^{+}+n$
• Event Excess in the MiniBooNE Search for ${\bar{\nu }}_{\mu }\to {\bar{\nu }}_e$ Oscillations
• Axial structure of the nucleon
• Precise quasielastic neutrino/nucleon cross section
• Combined Analysis of all Three Phases of Solar Neutrino Data from the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory
• Statistical Significance of the Gallium Anomaly
• Neutrinoless double beta decay: 2015 review
• First Measurement of the Muon Neutrino Charged Current Quasielastic Double Differential Cross Section
• Complete results for five years of GNO solar neutrino observations
• Inclusive Charged--Current Neutrino--Nucleus Reactions
• Non-adiabatic Level Crossing in Resonant Neutrino Oscillations
• A new Generation of Standard Solar Models
• Reactor electron antineutrino disappearance in the Double Chooz experiment
• Measurement of the atmospheric neutrino-induced upgoing muon flux using MACRO
• Final results from the Palo Verde Neutrino Oscillation Experiment
• Breaking Eight-fold Degeneracies in Neutrino CP Violation, Mixing, and Mass Hierarchy
• Status of non-standard neutrino interactions
• Measurement of the atmospheric neutrino flavour composition in Soudan 2
• Sterile neutrino search at NEOS Experiment
• Global constraints on absolute neutrino masses and their ordering
• Upper limits for neutrino oscillations muon-antineutrino to electron-antineutrino from muon decay at rest
• Measurement of the response of a Ga solar neutrino experiment to neutrinos from an 37Ar source
• Atmospheric neutrino flux calculation using the NRLMSISE00 atmospheric model
• Flux of Atmospheric Neutrinos
• Constraints on ${\theta }_{13}$ from A Three-Flavor Oscillation Analysis of Reactor Antineutrinos at KamLAND
• Solar Neutrino Measurements in Super-Kamiokande-IV
• On the measurement of leptonic CP violation
• Non-Standard Neutrino Interactions with Matter from Physics Beyond the Standard Model
• Hints of theta_13>0 from global neutrino data analysis
• Analytic Approximations for Three Neutrino Oscillation Parameters and Probabilities in Matter
• Current Status and Future Prospects of the SNO+ Experiment
• A three-dimensional calculation of atmospheric neutrinos
• Measurements of neutrino oscillation in appearance and disappearance channels by the T2K experiment with 6.6E20 protons on target
• Measurement of the response of a gallium metal solar neutrino experiment to neutrinos from a 51Cr source
• General bounds on non-standard neutrino interactions
• Neutrino masses and mixings: Status of known and unknown $3\nu$ parameters
• Measurement of Neutrino and Antineutrino Oscillations Using Beam and Atmospheric Data in MINOS
• Solar Neutrinos: Status and Prospects
• Tests of three-flavor mixing in long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiments
• Observation of Energy and Baseline Dependent Reactor Antineutrino Disappearance in the RENO Experiment
• Measurement of the Reactor Antineutrino Flux and Spectrum at Daya Bay
• Non standard neutrino interactions
• Neutrino mass from Cosmology
• Systematic Uncertainties in the Analysis of the Reactor Neutrino Anomaly
• Another possible way to determine the Neutrino Mass Hierarchy
• Combined analysis of ${\nu }_{\mu }$ disappearance and ${\nu }_{\mu }\to {\nu }_e$ appearance in MINOS using accelerator and atmospheric neutrinos
• A new measurement of antineutrino oscillation with the full detector configuration at Daya Bay
• Searches for Sterile Neutrinos with the IceCube Detector
• Improvement of low energy atmospheric neutrino flux calculation using the JAM nuclear interaction model
• Diffractive-Like (or Parametric-Resonance-Like?) Enhancement of the Earth (Day-Night) Effect for Solar Neutrinos Crossing the Earth Core
• Pragmatic View of Short-Baseline Neutrino Oscillations
• The LMA MSW Solution of the Solar Neutrino Problem, Inverted Neutrino Mass Hierarchy and Reactor Neutrino Experiments
• Paradoxes of neutrino oscillations
• Reactor-based Neutrino Oscillation Experiments
• Parametric resonance of neutrino oscillations and passage of solar and atmospheric neutrinos through the earth
• First combined analysis of neutrino and antineutrino oscillations at T2K
• Discovery of tau neutrino appearance in the CNGS neutrino beam with the OPERA experiment
• Limits on sterile neutrino mixing using atmospheric neutrinos in Super-Kamiokande
• Active to sterile neutrino mixing limits from neutral-current interactions in MINOS
• Light sterile neutrinos
• Reactor Neutrino Spectra
• Determination of matter potential from global analysis of neutrino oscillation data
• Progress and open questions in the physics of neutrino cross sections
• Charged-current neutrino-nucleus reactions within the SuSAv2-MEC approach
• Neutrino Propagation in Matter
• Neutrino Mass Spectrum with ${\nu }_{\mu }$ $\to$ ${\nu }_s$ Oscillations of Atmospheric Neutrinos
• The Detector System of The Daya Bay Reactor Neutrino Experiment
• The FLUKA atmospheric neutrino flux calculation
• Accelerator Neutrino Beams
• Neutrinophilic Non-Standard Interactions
• Neutrino Mass Hierarchy
• One-loop Effective Lagrangian for a Standard Model with a Heavy Charged Scalar Singlet
• Leptonic CP violation studies at MiniBooNE in the (3+2) sterile neutrino oscillation hypothesis
• Evidence for the Appearance of Atmospheric Tau Neutrinos in Super-Kamiokande
• First Indication of Terrestrial Matter Effects on Solar Neutrino Oscillation
• Solar neutrino spectrum, sterile neutrinos and additional radiation in the Universe
• Probing the LSND scale and four neutrino scenarios with a neutrino telescope
• Limits on Active to Sterile Neutrino Oscillations from Disappearance Searches in the MINOS, Daya Bay, and Bugey-3 Experiments
• Measurements of ${\pi }^{\pm }$, $K^{\pm }$, $K_S^0$, $\Lambda$ and proton production in proton-carbon interactions at 31 GeV/$c$ with the NA61/SHINE spectrometer at the CERN SPS
• Mass hierarchy, 2-3 mixing and CP-phase with Huge Atmospheric Neutrino Detectors
• Dual baseline search for muon antineutrino disappearance at 0.1 eV^2 < Δm^2 < 100 eV^2
• A proposed search for a fourth neutrino with a PBq antineutrino source
• Model Predictions for Neutrino Oscillation Parameters
• Measurement of ${\theta }_{13}$ in Double Chooz using neutron captures on hydrogen with novel background rejection techniques
• Hints for leptonic CP violation or New Physics?
• The PROSPECT Physics Program
• New look at the degeneracies in the neutrino oscillation parameters, and their resolution by T2K, NO$\nu$A and ICAL
• Improved search for ${\nu }_{\mu }\to {\nu }_e$ oscillation in a long-baseline accelerator experiment
• Prospects for Measurement of the Neutrino Mass Hierarchy
• Interplay between Appearance and Disappearance Channels for Precision Measurements of ${\theta }_{23}$ and $\delta$
• Measurement of Muon Antineutrino Oscillations with an Accelerator-Produced Off-Axis Beam
• Complementarity Between Hyperkamiokande and DUNE in Determining Neutrino Oscillation Parameters
• The Physical Range of Majorana Neutrino Mixing Parameters
• What is $\Delta m_{ee}^2$ ?
• Hint of non-standard dynamics in solar neutrino conversion
• CERN to Gran Sasso; An ideal distance for superbeam?
• Neutrino. History of a unique particle
• Three-flavour effects and CP- and T-violation in neutrino oscillations
• Neutrino Oscillations with the MINOS, MINOS+, T2K, and NOvA Experiments

Cited by in corpus (40)

• Current unknowns in the three neutrino framework
• Solar neutrino probes of the muon anomalous magnetic moment in the gauged $U(1{)}_{L_{\mu }-L_{\tau }}$
• Combined sensitivity to the neutrino mass ordering with JUNO, the IceCube Upgrade, and PINGU
• An Asymmetric TBM Texture
• Resonant Excitation of Quasinormal Modes of Black Holes
• Effects of a neutrino-dark energy coupling on oscillations of high-energy neutrinos
• Resonant Neutrino Self-Interactions
• Precision constraints on radiative neutrino decay with CMB spectral distortion
• Physics with Reactor Neutrinos
• Design and diagnostics of high-precision accelerator neutrino beams
• Tri-Partite entanglement in Neutrino Oscillations
• Neutrino oscillation in the $q$-metric
• Spin oscillations of neutrinos scattered off a rotating black hole
• Simulating neutrino oscillations on a superconducting qutrit
• Phenomenology of keV scale sterile neutrino dark matter with $S_4$ flavor symmetry
• Damping signatures at JUNO, a medium-baseline reactor neutrino oscillation experiment
• Coherent two-photon emission from hydrogen molecules excited by counter-propagating laser pulses
• Projected NA62 sensitivity to heavy neutral lepton production in $K^{+}\to {\pi }^0{e}^{+}N$ decays
• Bilinear R-parity violating supersymmetry under the light of neutrino oscillation, higgs and flavor data
• Dark matter imprint on ${}^8$B neutrino spectrum
• Reviving keV sterile Neutrino Dark Matter
• JLab spectral functions of argon in NuWro and their implications for MicroBooNE
• Phenomenology of $keV$ sterile neutrino in minimal extended seesaw
• An on-shell approach to neutrino oscillations
• Fully constrained mass matrix: Can symmetries alone determine the flavon vacuum alignments?
• Deviations from Tribimaximal and Golden Ratio mixings under radiative corrections of neutrino masses and mixings
• Nuclear effects in neutrino-nucleus DIS and probe for short range correlation
• Connection between $\nu n\to \bar{\nu }\bar{n}$ reactions and $n$-$\bar{n}$ oscillations via additional Higgs triplets
• Neutrino interactions in liquid scintillators including active-sterile neutrino mixing
• Probing the quantum speed limit and entanglement in flavor oscillations of neutrino-antineutrino system in curved spacetime
• Spontaneous CP Violation and Horizontal Symmetry in the MSSM: Toward Lepton Flavor Naturalness
• Neutrino oscillation analysis of 217 live-days of Daya Bay and 500 live-days of RENO
• Limits on active-sterile neutrino mixing parameters using heavy nuclei abundances
• Indirect search of Heavy Neutral Leptons using the DUNE Near Detector
• Markov Chain Monte Carlo analysis to probe trilinear $R$-parity violating SUSY scenarios and possible LHC signatures
• Pion Production In ν μ Charged Current Interactions On {^{40}}ar In Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment
• Embedding Generalized CP Symmetry in One Zero Texture Neutrino Mass Models
• Study of pion production in ${\nu }_{\mu }$ interactions on ${}^{40}$Ar in DUNE using GENIE and NuWro event generators
• Decays of heavy scalars in the Grimus-Neufeld model
• νOscillation: a software package for computation and simulation of neutrino propagation and interaction