Low temperature electroweak phase transition in the Standard Model with hidden scale invariance

Abstract

We discuss a cosmological phase transition within the Standard Model which incorporates spontaneously broken scale invariance as a low-energy theory. In addition to the Standard Model fields, the minimal model involves a light dilaton, which acquires a large vacuum expectation value (VEV) through the mechanism of dimensional transmutation. Under the assumption of the cancellation of the vacuum energy, the dilaton develops a very small mass at 2-loop order. As a result, a flat direction is present in the classical dilaton-Higgs potential at zero temperature while the quantum potential admits two (almost) degenerate local minima with unbroken and broken eletroweak symmetry. We found that the cosmological electroweak phase transition in this model can only be triggered by a QCD chiral symmetry breaking phase transition at low temperatures, $T\lesssim 132$ MeV. Furthermore, unlike the standard case, the universe settles into the chiral symmetry breaking vacuum via a first-order phase transition which gives rise to a stochastic gravitational background with a peak frequency $\sim 10^{-8}$ Hz as well as triggers the production of approximately solar mass primordial black holes. The observation of these signatures of cosmological phase transitions together with the detection of a light dilaton would provide a strong hint of the fundamental role of scale invariance in particle physics.

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Cited by in corpus (22)

• Cosmological phase transitions: from perturbative particle physics to gravitational waves
• Friction pressure on relativistic bubble walls
• Strong gravitational radiation from a simple dark matter model
• Signals of the electroweak phase transition at colliders and gravitational wave observatories
• The Supercooled Universe
• Have pulsar timing array methods detected a cosmological phase transition?
• Implications for the Supermassive Black Hole Binaries from the NANOGrav 15-year Data Set
• Can supercooled phase transitions explain the gravitational wave background observed by pulsar timing arrays?
• Supercool Composite Dark Matter Beyond 100 TeV
• Cosmological Interpretation for the Stochastic Signal in Pulsar Timing Arrays
• Supercool exit: Gravitational waves from QCD-triggered conformal symmetry breaking
• Mirror QCD phase transition as the origin of the nanohertz Stochastic Gravitational-Wave Background
• NANOGrav signal from axion inflation
• Axion-Gauge Dynamics During Inflation as the Origin of Pulsar Timing Array Signals and Primordial Black Holes
• Six Flavor Quark Matter
• Conformal vector dark matter and strongly first-order electroweak phase transition
• Primordial Black Holes from Conformal Higgs
• Exotic Gravitational Wave Signatures from Simultaneous Phase Transitions
• LIGO/Virgo Black Holes from a First Order QCD Phase Transition
• The Light Radion Window
• CP-violating effects on gravitational waves in a complex singlet extension of the Standard Model with degenerate scalars
• A Light Dilatonic Higgs and a Dilatonic Inflaton in the Georgi-Glashow SU(5) Model