Anisotropic semi-vortices in dipolar spinor condensates controlled by Zeeman splitting

Abstract

Spatially anisotropic solitary vortices (AVSs), supported by anisotropic dipole-dipole interactions, were recently predicted in spin-orbit-coupled binary Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs), in the form of two-dimensional semi-vortices (complexes built of zero-vorticity and vortical components). We demonstrate that the shape of the AVSs -- horizontal or vertical, with respect to the in-plane polarization of the atomic dipole moments in the underlying BEC -- may be effectively controlled by strength $\Omega$ of the Zeeman splitting (ZS). A transition from the horizontal to vertical shape with the increase of $\Omega$ is found numerically and explained analytically. At the transition point, the AVS assumes the shape of an elliptical ring. Mobility of horizontal AVSs is studied too, with a conclusion that, with the increase of $\Omega$, their negative effective mass changes the sign into positive via a point at which the effective mass diverges. Lastly, we report a new species of \textit{inverted} AVSs, with the zero-vorticity and vortex component placed in lower- and higher-energy components, as defined by the ZS. They are excited states, with respect to the ground states provided by the usual AVSs. Quite surprisingly, inverted AVSs are stable in a large parameter region.

arXiv comment11 pages, 9 figure, 53 references. Physical Review A, in press

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Cited by in corpus (13)

• Two-dimensional solitons and quantum droplets supported by competing self- and cross-interactions in spin-orbit-coupled condensates
• Two-dimensional anisotropic vortex quantum droplets in dipolar Bose-Einstein condensates
• Excited states of two-dimensional solitons supported by the spin-orbit coupling and field-induced dipole-dipole repulsion
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• Tail-free self-accelerating solitons and vortices
• Dipolar bright solitons and solitary vortices in a radial lattice
• Semidiscrete vortex solitons
• Symmetry breaking of a matter-wave soliton in a double-well potential formed by spatially confined spin-orbit coupling
• Spatiotemporal solitary modes in a twisted cylinder waveguide pipe with the self-focusing Kerr nonlinearity
• Quantum droplets in two-dimensional optical lattices
• Half-vortex soliton lattices in spin-orbit-coupled Bose-Einstein condensates with a quasi-flat band
• Nonlinear modes in spatially confined spin-orbit-coupled Bose-Einstein condensates with repulsive nonlinearity