Intrinsic and emergent anomalies at deconfined critical points

Abstract

It is well known that theorems of Lieb-Schultz-Mattis type prohibit the existence of a trivial symmetric gapped ground state in certain systems possessing a combination of internal and lattice symmetries. In the continuum description of such systems the Lieb-Schultz-Mattis theorem is manifested in the form of a quantum anomaly afflicting the symmetry. We demonstrate this phenomenon in the context of the deconfined critical point between a Neel state and a valence bond solid in an $S=1/2$ square lattice antiferromagnet, and compare it to the case of $S=1/2$ honeycomb lattice where no anomaly is present. We also point out that new anomalies, unrelated to the microscopic Lieb-Schultz-Mattis theorem, can emerge prohibiting the existence of a trivial gapped state in the immediate vicinity of critical points or phases. For instance, no translationally invariant weak perturbation of the $S=1/2$ gapless spin chain can open up a trivial gap even if the spin-rotation symmetry is explicitly broken. The same result holds for the $S=1/2$ deconfined critical point on a square lattice.

25 pages + Appendices

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• Transitions to valence-bond solid order in a honeycomb lattice antiferromagnet
• Boundary conformal field theory and symmetry protected topological phases in $2+1$ dimensions
• Lieb-Schultz-Mattis theorems for symmetry protected topological phases
• Ground state degeneracy in quantum spin systems protected by crystal symmetries

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