Observable Emission Features of Black Hole GRMHD Jets on Event Horizon Scales

Abstract

The general-relativistic magnetohydrodynamical (GRMHD) formulation for black hole-powered jets naturally gives rise to a stagnation surface, wherefrom inflows and outflows along magnetic field lines that thread the black hole event horizon originate. We derive a conservative formulation for the transport of energetic electrons which are initially injected at the stagnation surface and subsequently transported along flow streamlines. With this formulation the energy spectra evolution of the electrons along the flow in the presence of radiative and adiabatic cooling is determined. For flows regulated by synchrotron radiative losses and adiabatic cooling, the effective radio emission region is found to be finite, and geometrically it is more extended along the jet central axis. Moreover, the emission from regions adjacent to the stagnation surface is expected to be the most luminous as this is where the freshly injected energetic electrons concentrate. An observable stagnation surface is thus a strong prediction of the GRMHD jet model with the prescribed non-thermal electron injection. Future millimeter/sub-millimeter (mm/sub-mm) very-long-baseline interferometric (VLBI) observations of supermassive black hole candidates, such as the one at the center of M87, can verify this GRMHD jet model and its associated non-thermal electron injection mechanism.

arXiv comment19 pages, 12 figure; accepted for publication in ApJ

References in corpus (65)

• Towards a unified model for black hole X-ray binary jets
• Relativistic Reconnection: an Efficient Source of Non-Thermal Particles
• General Relativistic Magnetohydrodynamic Simulations of Jet Formation and Large-Scale Propagation from Black Hole Accretion Systems
• A Measurement of the Electromagnetic Luminosity of a Kerr Black Hole
• The Black-Hole Mass in M87 from Gemini/NIFS Adaptive Optics Observations
• Jet Launching Structure Resolved Near the Supermassive Black Hole in M87
• Particle Acceleration in Relativistic Magnetized Collisionless Electron-Ion Shocks
• Magnetic acceleration of relativistic AGN jets
• Magnetically Driven Jets in the Kerr Metric
• Simulations of Ultrarelativistic Magnetodynamic Jets from Gamma-ray Burst Engines
• Electrodynamics of black hole magnetospheres
• The extent of power-law energy spectra in collisionless relativistic magnetic reconnection in pair plasmas
• Kinematics of the jet in M87 on scales of 100 -- 1000 Schwarzschild radii
• Magnetic Driving of Relativistic Outflows in Active Galactic Nuclei. I. Interpretation of Parsec-Scale Accelerations
• Relativistic models and the jet velocity field in the radio galaxy 3C 31
• A Fast New Public Code for Computing Photon Orbits in a Kerr Spacetime
• Asymptotic structure of Poynting dominated jets
• Observations of the Blandford-Znajek and the MHD Penrose processes in computer simulations of black hole magnetospheres
• GYOTO: a new general relativistic ray-tracing code
• Optical and Radio Polarimetry of the M87 Jet at 0.2" Resolution
• Imaging the Black Hole Silhouette of M87: Implications for Jet Formation and Black Hole Spin
• Accretion Rate and the Physical Nature of Unobscured Active Galaxies
• The size of the jet launching region in M87
• A unified accretion-ejection paradigm for Black Hole X-ray Binaries
• The central parsecs of M87: jet emission and an elusive accretion disc
• Radiative Processes in High Energy Astrophysics
• MOJAVE: Monitoring of Jets in Active Galactic Nuclei with VLBA Experiments. XI. Spectral distributions
• Variable TeV emission as a manifestation of jet formation in M87?
• The Parabolic Jet Structure in M87 as a Magnetohydrodynamic Nozzle
• The Energetics and Lifetimes of Local Radio Active Galactic Nuclei
• GRay: a Massively Parallel GPU-Based Code for Ray Tracing in Relativistic Spacetimes
• General relativistic radiative transfer: formulation and emission from structured tori around black holes
• A Model for High Frequency Quasi-periodic Oscillations from Accreting Black Holes
• Imaging the Supermassive Black Hole Shadow and Jet Base of M87 with the Event Horizon Telescope
• Horizon-Scale Lepton Acceleration in Jets: Explaining the Compact Radio Emission in M87
• MOJAVE XII: Acceleration and Collimation of Blazar Jets on Parsec Scales
• Pair Production in Low Luminosity Galactic Nuclei
• Disk-Jet Coupling in Black Hole Accretion Systems II: Force-Free Electrodynamical Models
• MOJAVE: Monitoring of Jets in AGN with VLBA Experiments - II. First-Epoch 15 GHz Circular Polarization Results
• Parsec-scale Faraday Rotation Measures from General Relativistic MHD Simulations of Active Galactic Nuclei Jets
• The jet-disc connection in AGN
• Radiation Transfer of Emission Lines in Curved Space-Time
• Signatures of large-scale magnetic fields in AGN jets: transverse asymmetries
• The Event Horizon Telescope: exploring strong gravity and accretion physics
• Magnetization degree at the jet base of M87 derived from the event horizon telescope data: Testing magnetically driven jet paradigm
• Odyssey: A Public GPU-Based Code for General-Relativistic Radiative Transfer in Kerr Spacetime
• Magnetically-Dominated Accretion Flows (MDAFs) and Jet Production in the Low/Hard STate
• Photospheric emission from stratified jets
• A Physical Link Between Jet Formation and Hot Plasma in Active Galactic Nuclei
• Steady General Relativistic Magnetohydrodynamic Inflow/Outflow Solution along Large-Scale Magnetic Fields that Thread a Rotating Black Hole
• Electromotive Force in the Blandford-Znajek Process
• Synchrotron and inverse-Compton emission from blazar jets - IV. BL Lac type blazars and the physical basis for the blazar sequence
• Magnetically driven superluminal motion from rotating black holes
• The role of the accretion disk, dust, and jets in the IR emission of low-luminosity AGN
• Parsec-scale radio morphology and variability of a changing-look AGN: the case of Mrk 590
• Line emission from optically thick relativistic accretion tori
• Loaded magnetohydrodynamic flows in Kerr spacetime
• Radio-mode feedback in local AGNs: dependence on the central black hole parameters
• Do the spectral energy distributions of type 1 AGN show diversity?
• Thermal X-ray emission from a baryonic jet: a self-consistent multicolour spectral model
• Similar radiation mechanism in gamma-ray bursts and blazars: evidence from two luminosity correlations
• The Greenland Telescope: Antenna Retrofit Status and Future Plans
• Launching and Quenching of Black Hole Relativistic Jets at Low Accretion Rate
• Greenland Telescope (GLT) Project: "A Direct Confirmation of Black Hole with Submillimeter VLBI"
• Scalings of the synchrotron cut-off and turbulent correlation of active galactic nucleus jets

Cited by in corpus (16)

• First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. I. The Shadow of the Supermassive Black Hole
• First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. V. Physical Origin of the Asymmetric Ring
• The Shadow of a Spherically Accreting Black Hole
• The limb-brightened jet of M87 down to 7 Schwarzschild radii scale
• Parabolic Jets from the Spinning Black Hole in M87
• Faraday rotation in the jet of M87 inside the Bondi radius: indication of winds from hot accretion flows confining the relativistic jet
• Generalized, energy-conserving numerical simulations of particles in general relativity. I. Time-like and null geodesics
• GRMHD Simulations and Modeling for Jet Formation and Acceleration Region in AGNs
• Black Hole Spin Signature in the Black Hole Shadow of M87 in the Flaring State
• Properties of Trans-fast Magnetosonic Jets in Black Hole Magnetospheres
• A Jet-Bases Emission Model of the EHT 2017 Image of M87*
• Discovery of Limb Brightening in the Parsec-scale Jet of NGC 315 through Global Very Long Baseline Interferometry Observations and Its Implications for Jet Models
• On Beltrami states near black hole event horizon
• Illuminating Black Hole Shadow with Dark Matter Annihilation
• Approaching the black hole by numerical simulations
• The immediate environment of an astrophysical black hole