On the origin of the hard X-Ray excess of high-synchrotron-peaked BL Lac object Mrk 421

Abstract

For the first time, Kataoka \& Stawarz reported a clear detection of a hard X-ray excess, above $\gtrsim$20 keV, in the high-synchrotron-peaked BL Lac object Mrk 421. We find that this feature may not be produced by the low-energy part of the same electron population that produced the Fermi/LAT $\gamma$-ray. Because of that it is required that the power-law electron energy go down to ${\gamma }_{\min }\approx 19$, which predicts a very strong radio emission (radio flux larger than the observed) even considering the synchrotron self-absorption effect. We investigate the possibility of this excess being produced from the spine/layer jet structure, which has been clearly detected in Mrk 421. We find that (1) similar to one-zone modeling, the spine emissions provide good modeling of the broadband spectral energy distribution, except for the hard X-ray excess; and (2) the hard X-ray excess can be well represented by the synchrotron photons (from the layer) being inverse Compton scattered by the spine electrons.

20 pages, 3 figures, published version

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• The Hard X-ray emission of the blazar PKS 2155--304
• A strong negative correlation between radio loudness $R_{\mathrm{UV}}$ and optical-to-X-ray spectral index ${\alpha }_{\mathrm{ox}}$ in low-luminosity AGNs
• Using the Markov Chain Monte Carlo method to study the physical properties GeV-TeV BL Lac objects