Creation of Rydberg Polarons in a Bose Gas

Abstract

We report spectroscopic observation of Rydberg polarons in an atomic Bose gas. Polarons are created by excitation of Rydberg atoms as impurities in a strontium Bose-Einstein condensate. They are distinguished from previously studied polarons by macroscopic occupation of bound molecular states that arise from scattering of the weakly bound Rydberg electron from ground-state atoms. The absence of a $p$-wave resonance in the low-energy electron-atom scattering in Sr introduces a universal behavior in the Rydberg spectral lineshape and in scaling of the spectral width (narrowing) with the Rydberg principal quantum number, $n$. Spectral features are described with a functional determinant approach (FDA) that solves an extended Fröhlich Hamiltonian for a mobile impurity in a Bose gas. Excited states of polyatomic Rydberg molecules (trimers, tetrameters, and pentamers) are experimentally resolved and accurately reproduced with FDA.

5 pages, 3 figures

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• An ionic impurity in a Bose-Einstein condensate at sub-microkelvin temperatures
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• Theory of excitation of Rydberg polarons in an atomic quantum gas
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• Quantum Hamiltonian-Based Models and the Variational Quantum Thermalizer Algorithm
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• Ultralong-range Rydberg molecules
• Trilobites, butterflies, and other exotic specimens of long-range Rydberg molecules
• Fate of the Bose polaron at finite temperature
• Ionic polaron in a Bose-Einstein condensate
• Variational approach for impurity dynamics at finite temperature
• Theory of a resonantly interacting impurity in a Bose-Einstein condensate
• Strong coupling Bose polarons in a two-dimensional gas
• Quantum mixtures of ultracold gases of neutral atoms
• Quantum behavior of a heavy impurity strongly coupled to a Bose gas
• Mixed bubbles in Bose-Bose mixtures
• Long-range Rydberg-atom-ion molecules of Rb and Cs
• Dynamical variational approach to Bose polarons at finite temperatures
• Theory of radio-frequency spectroscopy of impurities in quantum gases
• Variational principle for quantum impurity systems in and out of equilibrium: application to Kondo problems
• Quantum Rydberg Central Spin Model
• Cold chemistry: a few-body perspective on impurity physics of a single ion in an ultracold bath
• Rydberg impurity in a Fermi gas: Quantum statistics and rotational blockade
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• Quench Dynamics of the Ideal Bose Polaron at Zero and Nonzero Temperatures
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• Formation of long-range Rydberg molecules in two-component ultracold gases
• Effective three-body interactions in Cs($6s$)-Cs($nd$) Rydberg trimers
• Self-induced transparency in warm and strongly interacting Rydberg gases
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• Dressed ion-pair states of an ultralong-range Rydberg molecule
• Universal van der Waals Force Between Heavy Polarons in Superfluids
• Spectroscopy of ${}^{87}\text{Sr}$ triplet Rydberg states
• Alignment of s-state Rydberg molecules in magnetic fields
• Dynamical formation of polarons in a Bose-Einstein condensate: A variational approach
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• Measurement of the strontium triplet Rydberg series by depletion spectroscopy of ultracold atoms
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• The Renormalised Bogoliubov-Fröhlich Hamiltonian
• Finite-range effects in the unitary Fermi polaron
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• Theory of the Rotating Polaron: Spectrum and Self-Localization
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• Radiofrequency spectroscopy of one-dimensional trapped Bose polarons: crossover from the adiabatic to the diabatic regime
• Measuring nonlocal three-body spatial correlations with Rydberg trimers in ultracold quantum gases
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• Efficient variational approach to dynamics of a spatially extended bosonic Kondo model
• The building principle of triatomic trilobite Rydberg molecules
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• Rydberg Macrodimers: Diatomic molecules on the micrometer scale
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• Coherent spin-phonon scattering in facilitated Rydberg lattices
• Charged ultralong-range Rydberg trimers
• Topological edge states in a Rydberg composite
• A protocol to realize triatomic ultralong range Rydberg molecules in an ultracold KRb gas
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