Analogue Hawking radiation in an exactly solvable model of BEC

Abstract

Hawking radiation, the spontaneous emission of thermal photons from an event horizon, is one of the most intriguing and elusive predictions of field theory in curved spacetimes. A formally analogue phenomenon occurs at the supersonic transition of a fluid: in this respect, ultracold gases stand out among the most promising systems but the theoretical modelling of this effect has always been carried out in semiclassical approximation, borrowing part of the analysis from the gravitational analogy. Here we discuss the exact solution of a one-dimensional Bose gas flowing against an obstacle, showing that spontaneous phonon emission (the analogue of Hawking radiation) is predicted without reference to the gravitational analogy. Long after the creation of the obstacle, the fluid settles into a stationary state displaying the emission of sound waves (phonons) in the upstream direction. A careful analysis shows that a precise correspondence between this phenomenon and the spontaneous emission of radiation from an event horizon requires additional conditions to be met in future experiments aimed at identifying the occurrence of the Hawking-like mechanism in Bose-Einstein condensates.

8 pages. This version matches the published version

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• Extracting classical Lyapunov exponent from one-dimensional quantum mechanics
• Atomic Quantum Technologies for Quantum Matter and Fundamental Physics Applications
• Slow scrambling in sonic black holes
• Quantum quenches, sonic horizons and the Hawking radiation in a class of exactly solvable models
• On the role of interactions in trans-sonically flowing atomic condensates
• Formation dynamics of black- and white-hole horizons in an analogue gravity model
• Optical Black-hole Analog Created by Topological Phase Transition with a Long-lived Horizon
• Bipartite and tripartite entanglement in a Bose-Einstein acoustic black hole
• Bound on Lyapunov exponent in $c=1$ matrix model
• On Stefan-Boltzmann law and the Casimir effect at finite temperature in the Schwarzschild spacetime