The Relativistic Jet-Accretion Flow-Wind Connection in Mrk\,231

Abstract

Long term radio monitoring of the broad absorption line quasar, Mrk\,231, at 17.6~GHz detected a strong flare in 2015. This triggered four epochs of Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA) observations from 8.4 GHz to 43 GHz as well as three epochs of X-ray observations with NuSTAR and two with XMM over a 15 week period. Two ejected components were detected by the VLBA observations. A conservative lower bound on the apparent speed of the first ejection is attained by assuming that it was ejected when the flare began, $v_{\mathrm{app}}>3.15$c. Serendipitous far UV Hubble Space Telescope observations combined with our long term radio monitoring seem to indicate that episodes of relativistic ejections suppress flux that is emitted at wavelengths shortward of the peak of the far UV spectral energy distribution, similar to what has been observed in radio loud quasars. Episodes of strong jet production also seem to suppress the high ionization broad absorption line wind seen in weak jet states. We found a statistically significant increase ($\sim 25\%$) of the 3-12 keV flux during the radio flare relative to a quiescent radio state. This is explained by an ultra-fast ($\sim 0.06$c) X-ray absorbing photo-ionized wind that is significantly detected only in the low radio state (similar to Galactic black holes). Mrk~231 is becoming more radio loud. We found that the putative parsec scale radio lobe doubled in brightness in 9 years. Furthermore, large flares are more frequent with 3 major flares occurring at $\sim 2$ year intervals.

arXiv commentTo appear in ApJ

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