Imaging Magnetization Structure and Dynamics in Ultrathin YIG/Pt Bilayers with High Sensitivity Using the Time-Resolved Longitudinal Spin Seebeck Effect

Abstract

We demonstrate an instrument for time-resolved magnetic imaging that is highly sensitive to the in-plane magnetization state and dynamics of thin-film bilayers of yttrium iron garnet (Y3Fe5O12,YIG)/Pt: the time-resolved longitudinal spin Seebeck (TRLSSE) effect microscope. We detect the local, in-plane magnetic orientation within the YIG by focusing a picosecond laser to generate thermally-driven spin current from the YIG into the Pt by the spin Seebeck effect, and then use the inverse spin Hall effect in the Pt to transduce this spin current to an output voltage. To establish the time resolution of TRLSSE, we show that pulsed optical heating of patterned YIG (20 nm)/Pt(6 nm)/Ru (2 nm) wires generates a magnetization-dependent voltage pulse of less than 100 ps. We demonstrate TRLSSE microscopy to image both static magnetic structure and gigahertz-frequency magnetic resonance dynamics with sub-micron spatial resolution and a sensitivity to magnetic orientation below 0.3${}^{\circ }/\sqrt{\text{Hz}}$ in ultrathin YIG.

arXiv comment31 pages manuscript, format including supporting information

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• Spin and spin current -- From fundamentals to recent progress
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• Long lifetime of thermally-excited magnons in bulk yttrium iron garnet
• Imaging uncompensated moments and exchange-biased emergent ferromagnetism in FeRh thin films
• Influence of spin-orbit and spin-Hall effects on the spin Seebeck current beyond linear response
• Thickness dependence of spin Peltier effect visualized by thermal imaging technique
• Local spin Seebeck imaging with scanning thermal probe
• Nanoscale magnetization and current imaging using scanning-probe magneto-thermal microscopy
• Broadband Optical Detection using the Spin Seebeck Effect