Nucleon spin-averaged forward virtual Compton tensor at large $Q^2$

Abstract

The nucleon spin-averaged forward virtual Compton tensor determines important physical quantities such as electromagnetically-induced mass differences of nucleons, and two-photon exchange contributions in hydrogen spectroscopy. It depends on two kinematic variables: $\nu$, the virtual photon energy in the proton rest frame, and $Q^2$, the photon's invariant four-momentum squared. Using the operator product expansion, we calculate the tensor's large-$Q^2$ behavior for $\nu =0$, including for the first time the full spin-2 contribution and correcting a previous result in the literature for the spin-0 contribution. Implications for the proton radius puzzle are discussed.

23 pages, 11 figures. v2: journal version, typo in Eq.(15) corrected, Fig.11 updated with same inputs as Fig.10

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• Comment on "Nucleon spin-averaged forward virtual Compton tensor at large Q^2"
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