How Zwicky already ruled out modified gravity theories without dark matter

Abstract

Various theories, such as MOND, MOG, Emergent Gravity and $f(R)$ theories avoid dark matter by assuming a change in General Relativity and/or in Newton's law. Galactic rotation curves are typically described well. Here the application to galaxy clusters is considered, focussed on the good lensing and X-ray data for A1689. As a start, the no-dark-matter case is confirmed to work badly: the need for dark matter starts near the cluster centre, where Newton's law is still supposed to be valid. This leads to the conundrum discovered by Zwicky, which is likely only solvable in his way, namely by assuming additional (dark) matter. Neutrinos with eV masses serve well without altering the successes in (dwarf) galaxies.

arXiv comment10 pages, 2 figures. Matches published version

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Cited by in corpus (16)

• Limit on graviton mass from galaxy cluster Abell 1689
• Dark matter distribution in X-ray luminous galaxy clusters with Emergent Gravity
• Limit on graviton mass using stacked galaxy cluster catalogs from SPT-SZ, Planck-SZ and SDSS-redMaPPer
• Bounds on graviton mass using weak lensing and SZ effect in galaxy clusters
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• Testing Emergent Gravity on Galaxy Cluster Scales
• Testing Weyl Gravity at Galactic and Extra-galactic Scales
• Dark Matter in Fractional Gravity I: Astrophysical Tests on Galactic Scales
• Galaxy Cluster A1689 in Modified MOND, MOG and Emergent Gravity
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• The $\kappa$-model under test of the SPARC database
• Testing and Emulating Modified Gravity on Cosmological Scales