Naturally Stable Right-Handed Neutrino Dark Matter

Abstract

We point out that a class of non-supersymmetric models based on the gauge group $SU(3{)}_C\times SU(2{)}_L\times SU(2{)}_R\times U(1{)}_{Y_L}\times U(1{)}_{Y_R}$ possesses an automatic, exact $Z_2$ symmetry under which the fermions in the $SU(2{)}_R\times U(1{)}_{Y_R}$ sector (called $R$-sector) are odd and those in the standard model sector (called $L$-sector) are even. This symmetry, which is different from the usual parity symmetry of the left-right symmetric models, persists in the lepton sector even after the gauge symmetry breaks down to $SU(3{)}_C\times U(1{)}_{\mathrm{EM}}$. This keeps the lightest right-handed neutrino naturally stable, thereby allowing it to play the role of dark matter (DM) in the Universe. There are several differences between the usual left-right models and the model presented here: (i) our model can have two versions, one which has no parity symmetry so that the couplings and masses in the $L$ and $R$ sectors are unrelated, and another which has parity symmetry so that couplings are related; (ii) the $R$-sector fermions are chosen much heavier than the $L$-sector ones in both scenarios; and finally (iii) both light and heavy neutrinos are Majorana fermions with the light neutrino masses arising from a pure type-II seesaw mechanism. We discuss the DM relic density, direct and indirect detection prospects and associated collider signatures of the model. Comparing with current collider and direct detection constraints, we find a lower bound on the DM mass of order of 1 TeV. We also point out a way to relax the DM unitarity bound in our model for much larger DM masses by an entropy dilution mechanism. An additional feature of the model is that the DM can be made very long lived, if desired, by allowing for weak breaking of the above $Z_2$ symmetry. Our model also predicts the existence of long-lived colored particles which could be searched for at the LHC.

arXiv comment31 pages, 12 figures, 2 tables, version for publication in JHEP

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