Radiation and Polarization Signatures of 3D Multi-zone Time-dependent Hadronic Blazar Model

Abstract

We present a newly developed time-dependent three-dimensional multi-zone hadronic blazar emission model. By coupling a Fokker-Planck based lepto-hadronic particle evolution code 3DHad with a polarization-dependent radiation transfer code, 3DPol, we are able to study the time-dependent radiation and polarization signatures of a hadronic blazar model for the first time. Our current code is limited to parameter regimes in which the hadronic $\gamma$-ray output is dominated by proton synchrotron emission, neglecting pion production. Our results demonstrate that the time-dependent flux and polarization signatures are generally dominated by the relation between the synchrotron cooling and the light crossing time scale, which is largely independent of the exact model parameters. We find that unlike the low-energy polarization signatures, which can vary rapidly in time, the high-energy polarization signatures appear stable. As a result, future high-energy polarimeters may be able to distinguish such signatures from the lower and more rapidly variable polarization signatures expected in leptonic models.

Accepted for Publication in The Astrophysical Journal

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• Polarization Signatures of Kink Instabilities in the Blazar Emission Region from Relativistic Magnetohydrodynamic Simulations
• Modelling blazar flaring using a time-dependent fluid jet emission model - an explanation for orphan flares and radio lags
• First-Principle-Integrated Study of Blazar Synchrotron Radiation and Polarization Signatures from Magnetic Turbulence
• Photon-ALP interaction as a measure of initial photon polarization
• A time-dependent particle acceleration and emission model: Understanding the particle spectral evolution and blazar flares
• IXPE Observation of the Low-Synchrotron Peaked Blazar S4 0954+65 During An Optical-X-ray Flare
• Determining the origin of the X-ray emission in blazars through multiwavelength polarization
• Understanding the giant gamma-ray outburst on June 16, 2015 from the blazar 3C 279
• A two-fluid model for black-hole accretion flows: Particle acceleration, outflows, and TeV emission
• Detectability of Polarized Gamma-ray Emission from Blazar Flares with COSI
• e-ASTROGAM mission: a major step forward for gamma-ray polarimetry