Neutron monitors and muon detectors for solar modulation studies: 2. $\varphi$ time series

Abstract

The level of solar modulation at different times (related to the solar activity) is a central question of solar and galactic cosmic-ray physics. In the first paper of this series, we have established a correspondence between the uncertainties on ground-based detectors count rates and the parameter $\varphi$ (modulation level in the force-field approximation) reconstructed from these count rates. In this second paper, we detail a procedure to obtain a reference $\varphi$ time series from neutron monitor data. We show that we can have an unbiased and accurate $\varphi$ reconstruction ($\Delta \varphi /\varphi \simeq 10\%$). We also discuss the potential of Bonner spheres spectrometers and muon detectors to provide $\varphi$ time series. Two by-products of this calculation are updated $\varphi$ values for the cosmic-ray database and a web interface to retrieve and plot $\varphi$ from the 50's to today (\url{http://lpsc.in2p3.fr/crdb}).

arXiv comment15 pages, 5 figures, 2 tables. AdSR, in press. Web interface to get modulation parameter phi(t): new tab in http://lpsc.in2p3.fr/crdb

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• Combined analysis of AMS-02 (Li,Be,B)/C, N/O, 3He, and 4He data
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• New minimal, median, and maximal propagation models for dark matter searches with Galactic cosmic rays
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• Constraints on the spatially dependent cosmic-ray propagation model from Bayesian Analysis
• A cosmic-ray database update: CRDB v4.1
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• Measurement of low-energy cosmic-ray electron and positron spectra at 1 AU with the AESOP-Lite spectrometer
• Local interstellar spectra and solar modulation of cosmic ray electrons and positrons
• The rigidity dependence of galactic cosmic-ray fluxes and its connection with the diffusion coefficient
• Local interstellar spectra and solar modulation of cosmic ray proton and Helium
• Hybrid origins of the cosmic-ray nuclei spectral hardening at a few hundred GV
• Solar modulation of AMS-02 daily proton and Helium fluxes with modified force field approximation models
• AMS-02 antiprotons and dark matter: Trimmed hints and robust bounds
• Potential of Constraining Propagation Parameters of Galactic Cosmic Rays with the High Energy cosmic-Radiation Detection facility onboard China's Space Station
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• Reexamine the dark matter scenario accounting for the positron excess in a new cosmic ray propagation model
• Solar modulation of cosmic proton and helium with AMS-02
• Secondary antinuclei from supernova remnants and background for dark matter searches
• Combined analyses of the antiproton production from cosmic-ray interactions and its possible dark matter origin
• The influence of the 3D Galactic gas structure on cosmic-ray transport and $\gamma$-ray emission