Supernovae powered by magnetars that transform into black holes

Abstract

Rapidly rotating, strongly magnetized neutron stars (magnetars) can release their enormous rotational energy via magnetic spin-down, providing a power source for bright transients such as superluminous supernovae. On the other hand, particularly massive (so-called supramassive) neutron stars require a minimum rotation rate to support their mass against gravitational collapse, below which the neutron star collapses to a black hole. We model the light curves of supernovae powered by magnetars which transform into black holes. Although the peak luminosities can reach high values in the range of superluminous supernovae, their post maximum light curves can decline very rapidly because of the sudden loss of the central energy input. Early black hole transformation also enhances the shock breakout signal from the magnetar-driven bubble relative to the main supernova peak. Our synthetic light curves of supernovae powered by magnetars transforming to black holes are consistent with those of some rapidly evolving bright transients recently reported by Arcavi et al. (2016).

7 pages, 9 figures, 1 table, accepted by The Astrophysical Journal

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• Simulations of light curves and spectra for superluminous Type Ic supernovae powered by magnetars
• Highly Luminous Supernovae associated with Gamma-Ray Bursts I.: GRB 111209A/SN 2011kl in the Context of Stripped-Envelope and Superluminous Supernovae
• Variable thermal energy injection from magnetar spin down as a possible cause of stripped-envelope supernova light-curve bumps
• Properties of magnetars mimicking 56Ni-powered light curves in Type Ic superluminous supernovae
• Stellar Core-Merger-Induced Collapse: New Formation Pathways for Black Holes, Thorne-$\dot{\mathrm{Z}}$ytkow objects, Magnetars and Superluminous Supernovae
• Fallback accretion powered supernova light curves based on a neutrino-driven explosion simulation of a 40 Msun star
• Where is the engine hiding its missing energy? Constraints from a deep X-ray non-detection of the Superluminous SN 2015bn
• The Influence of Black Hole Binarity on Tidal Disruption Events
• VERITAS and Fermi-LAT constraints on the Gamma-ray Emission from Superluminous Supernovae SN2015bn and SN2017egm
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