Observation of two-species vortex lattices in a mixture of mass-imbalance Bose and Fermi superfluids

Abstract

The superfluid mixture of interacting Bose and Fermi species is a remarkable many-body quantum system. Dilute degenerate atomic gases, especially for two species of distinct masses, are excellent candidates for exploring fundamental features of superfluid mixture. However, producing a mass-imbalance Bose-Fermi superfluid mixture, providing an unambiguous visual proof of two-species superfluidity and probing inter-species interaction effects remain challenging. Here, we report the realization of a two-species superfluid of lithium-6 and potassium-41. By rotating the dilute gases, we observe the simultaneous existence of vortex lattices in both species, and thus present a definitive visual evidence for the simultaneous superfluidity of the two species. Pronounced effects of the inter-species interaction are demonstrated through a series of precision measurements on the formation and decay of two-species vortices. Our system provides a new platform for studying novel macroscopic quantum phenomena in vortex matter of interacting species.

15 pages, 6 figures

References in corpus (7)

• Theory of ultracold Fermi gases
• Vortices and Superfluidity in a Strongly Interacting Fermi Gas
• Observation of Efimov Resonances in a Mixture with Extreme Mass Imbalance
• Potassium ground state scattering parameters and Born-Oppenheimer potentials from molecular spectroscopy
• Polaronic atom-trimer continuity in three-component Fermi gases
• Calibration of Interaction Energy between Bose and Fermi Superfluids
• Chandrasekhar-Clogston limit and critical polarization in a Fermi-Bose superfluid mixture

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