A Precessing Ferromagnetic Needle Magnetometer

Abstract

A ferromagnetic needle is predicted to precess about the magnetic field axis at a Larmor frequency $\Omega$ under conditions where its intrinsic spin dominates over its rotational angular momentum, $N\hslash \gg I\Omega$ ($I$ is the moment of inertia of the needle about the precession axis and $N$ is the number of polarized spins in the needle). In this regime the needle behaves as a gyroscope with spin $N\hslash$ maintained along the easy axis of the needle by the crystalline and shape anisotropy. A precessing ferromagnetic needle is a correlated system of $N$ spins which can be used to measure magnetic fields for long times. In principle, by taking advantage of rapid averaging of quantum uncertainty, the sensitivity of a precessing needle magnetometer can far surpass that of magnetometers based on spin precession of atoms in the gas phase. Under conditions where noise from coupling to the environment is subdominant, the scaling with measurement time $t$ of the quantum- and detection-limited magnetometric sensitivity is $t^{-3/2}$. The phenomenon of ferromagnetic needle precession may be of particular interest for precision measurements testing fundamental physics.

Main text: 6 pages, 2 figures; Supplementary material: 3 pages, 1 figure

References in corpus (8)

• Identification of the dominant precession damping mechanism in Fe, Co, and Ni by first-principles calculations
• Calculation of Magnetic Field Noise from High-Permeability Magnetic Shields and Conducting Objects with Simple Geometry
• Angular momentum in spin-phonon processes
• Influence of magnetic-field inhomogeneity on nonlinear magneto-optical resonances
• Constraints on exotic dipole-dipole couplings between electrons at the micrometer scale
• A limit on the electron electric dipole moment using paramagnetic ferroelectric Eu${}_{0.5}$Ba${}_{0.5}$TiO${}_3$
• Magnetic susceptibility and magnetization fluctuation measurements of mixed Gadolinium-Yttrium Iron Garnets
• Spin Mechanics

Cited by in corpus (46)

• Search for New Physics with Atoms and Molecules
• Levitodynamics: Levitation and control of microscopic objects in vacuum
• Quantum limits to the energy resolution of magnetic field sensors
• Quantum rotations of nanoparticles
• Single-Spin Magnetomechanics with Levitated Micromagnets
• Nonlinear multi-frequency phonon lasers with active levitated optomechanics
• Exceptional magnetic sensitivity of PT-symmetric cavity magnon polaritons
• Ultralow mechanical damping with Meissner-levitated ferromagnetic microparticles
• Application of Spin-Exchange Relaxation-Free Magnetometry to the Cosmic Axion Spin Precession Experiment
• Theory of Quantum Acoustomagnonics and Acoustomechanics with a Micromagnet
• Constraints on long-range spin-gravity and monopole-dipole couplings of the proton
• Ultrasensitive Inertial and Force Sensors with Diamagnetically Levitated Magnets
• Dynamics of a Ferromagnetic Particle Levitated Over a Superconductor
• Spin-mechanics with levitating ferromagnetic particles
• Spin-dependent exotic interactions
• Gravity Probe Spin: Prospects for measuring general-relativistic precession of intrinsic spin using a ferromagnetic gyroscope
• Magnetomechanical coupling and ferromagnetic resonance in magnetic nanoparticles
• Spin-mechanics with nitrogen-vacancy centers and trapped particles
• Superconducting microsphere magnetically levitated in an anharmonic potential with integrated magnetic readout
• Surpassing the Energy Resolution Limit with ferromagnetic torque sensors
• Role of rotations in Stern-Gerlach interferometry with massive objects
• Spin dynamical decoupling for generating macroscopic superpositions of a free-falling nanodiamond
• Ferromagnetic Gyroscopes for Tests of Fundamental Physics
• Lens-free Optical Detection of Thermal Motion of a Sub-millimeter Sphere Diamagnetically Levitated in High Vacuum
• Single-domain Bose condensate magnetometer achieves energy resolution per bandwidth below $\hslash$
• Dynamics of a Magnetic Needle Magnetometer: Sensitivity to Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert Damping
• Ultralight dark matter detection with levitated ferromagnets
• Chip-based superconducting traps for levitation of micrometer-sized particles in the Meissner state
• Quantum complementarity of clocks in the context of general relativity
• Ferrimagnetic Oscillator Magnetometer
• Constraints on ultralight axions, vector gauge bosons, and unparticles from geodetic and frame-dragging measurements
• Scale-invariant spin dynamics and the quantum limits of field sensing
• Quantum tomography of magnons using Brillouin light scattering
• Stability of a Magnetically Levitated Nanomagnet in Vacuum: Effects of Gas and Magnetization Damping
• Hidden Photons in Aharonov-Bohm-Type Experiments
• Matter and spin superposition in vacuum experiment (MASSIVE)
• Stable magnetic levitation of soft ferromagnets for macroscopic quantum mechanics
• Microscopic theory of a precessing ferromagnet for ultrasensitive magnetometry
• Gyroscopically stabilized quantum spin rotors
• Levitated Milligram-scale Ferromagnetic Magnetometer at Room Temperature
• Thermalization of the Quantum Planar Rotor with external potential
• Phase-modulated cavity magnon polaritons as a precise magnetic field probe
• Precessing magnetic particles as ac magnetic field sensors
• Modeling frequency instability in high-quality resonant experiments
• Torque-free manipulation of nanoparticle rotations via embedded spins
• Micromagnetic modeling of magnon coherent states in a nonuniform magnetic field