Supermassive Black Holes from self-gravitating Bose-Einstein Condensates comprised of Ultra-light Bosonic Dark Matter

Abstract

Observed active galactic nuclei at redshifts $\gtrsim 6$ suggest that supermassive black holes (SMBHs) had formed early on. Accretion of matter onto remnants of Population III stars leading to SMBHs is a very slow process, and therefore, such models encounter difficulties in explaining quasars detected at $z\gtrsim 6$. In this paper, we invoke collapse of dark bosonic halo matter, existing initially in self-gravitating Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) phase, to lead to formation of SMBH. Making use of Gross-Pitaevskii equation and employing a Gaussian trial wavefunction, we determine the time dependence of its parameters and thereby, track the time evolution of the wavefunction. If the condensate, made up of identical dark bosons of mass $m$, collapses to form a black hole of mass $M_{eff}$ as soon as the former's effective size shrinks below the corresponding Schwarzschild radius, a simple inequality $m{M}_{eff}\gtrsim 0.64m_{Pl}^2$ can be derived, that ensues from a competition between attractive self-gravity and quantum repulsion arising due to uncertainty principle. We show that formation of SMBHs takes place on dynamical time scales $\sim 10^8$ yrs. Existence of ultra-light ($m \sim 10^{-23} \ \mbox{eV}$) dark bosons not only can lead to SMBHs of mass $\sim 10^{12}{M}_{\odot }$ at $z>6$ but also such particles can masquerade both as dark matter as well as dark energy. Discovery of aligned radio-jets in the ELAIS-N1 GMRT deep field leads us to make simple estimates to demonstrate that vortices of a rotating BEC that collapse to form black holes can give rise to SMBHs with aligned spins on scales exceeding cluster size length scales, each with angular momentum $J\lesssim 3.6n_W\frac{G{M}^2}{c}$, where $n_W$ and $M$ are the winding number and mass of a vortex, respectively.

arXiv commentPresented the paper in ICGC 2015, IISER, Mohali, India, as well as in GR21, July 2016, Columbia University, USA

References in corpus (63)

• Theory of Bose-Einstein condensation in trapped gases
• Particle Dark Matter: Evidence, Candidates and Constraints
• A Fundamental Relation Between Supermassive Black Holes and Their Host Galaxies
• Coevolution (Or Not) of Supermassive Black Holes and Host Galaxies
• A direct empirical proof of the existence of dark matter
• Axion Cosmology
• Cold and Fuzzy Dark Matter
• The Assembly and Merging History of Supermassive Black Holes in Hierarchical Models of Galaxy Formation
• Cosmic Structure as the Quantum Interference of a Coherent Dark Wave
• Massive Black Holes as Population III Remnants
• Dancing in the dark: galactic properties trace spin swings along the cosmic web
• Formation of Supermassive Black Holes by Direct Collapse in Pregalactic Halos
• The Radial Acceleration Relation in Rotationally Supported Galaxies
• Primordial Black Holes
• Dark Matter Results from First 98.7-day Data of PandaX-II Experiment
• Understanding the Core-Halo Relation of Quantum Wave Dark Matter, $\psi$DM, from 3D Simulations
• Black Hole Spin and the Radio Loud/Quiet Dichotomy of Active Galactic Nuclei
• Mass-radius relation of Newtonian self-gravitating Bose-Einstein condensates with short-range interactions: I. Analytical results
• Cold dark matter: controversies on small scales
• Bose-Einstein Condensation of Dark Matter Axions
• Late time Cosmological Phase Transition and Galactic Halo as Bose-liquid
• Stationary states of a rotating Bose-Einstein condensate: routes to vortex nucleation
• Fluid Dark Matter
• Repulsive Dark Matter
• The Difference between Radio-Loud and Radio-Quiet Active Galaxies
• Black Hole Spin Evolution
• A rapidly spinning supermassive black hole at the centre of NGC 1365
• The Evolution of Black Hole Mass and Spin in Active Galactic Nuclei
• A 3x10^9 solar mass black hole in the quasar SDSS J1148+5251 at z=6.41
• Direct Formation of Supermassive Black Holes via Multi-Scale Gas Inflows in Galaxy Mergers
• Measuring the Spins of Accreting Black Holes
• Bose-Einstein Condensate general relativistic stars
• Testing Tidal-Torque Theory: I. Spin Amplitude and Direction
• Observation of Long-lived Vortex Aggregates in Rapidly Rotating Bose-Einstein Condensates
• A Review on the Scalar Field/ Bose-Einstein Condensate Dark Matter Model
• Dark Matter from an ultra-light pseudo-Goldsone-boson
• Contrasting Galaxy Formation from Quantum Wave Dark Matter, $\psi$DM, with $\Lambda$CDM, using Planck and Hubble Data
• The Spin of Supermassive Black Holes
• Angular Momentum and Vortex Formation in Bose-Einstein-Condensed Cold Dark Matter Haloes
• Iron Emission in the z=6.4 Quasar SDSS J114816.64+525150.3
• Sneutrino cold dark matter, a new analysis: relic abundance and detection rates
• A 17-billion-solar-mass black hole in a group galaxy with a diffuse core
• XENON100 Dark Matter Results from a Combination of 477 Live Days
• MOND theory
• The first generation of stars in LCDM cosmology
• Chasing the heaviest black holes of jetted Active Galactic Nuclei
• Is there an upper limit to black hole masses?
• How Big Can a Black Hole Grow?
• A new way to measure supermassive black hole spin in accretion disc dominated Active Galaxies
• Alignments of Radio Galaxies in Deep Radio Imaging of ELAIS N1
• Episodic Random Accretion and the Cosmological Evolution of Supermassive Black Hole Spins
• Interference of Dark Matter Solitons and Galactic Offsets
• Relativistic self-gravitating Bose-Einstein condensates and cold baryons with a stiff equation of state
• Vortex Structures in a Rotating BEC Dark Matter Component
• Strong Gravitational Lensing by the Super-massive cD Galaxy in Abell 3827
• The effect of the quasar H1821+643 on the surrounding intracluster medium: revealing the underlying cooling flow
• Variational methods with coupled Gaussian functions for Bose-Einstein condensates with long-range interactions. II. Applications
• Variational methods with coupled Gaussian functions for Bose-Einstein condensates with long-range interactions. I. General concept
• Dark Matter Accretion into Supermassive Black Holes
• Collapse of Uniformly Rotating Stars to Black Holes and the Formation of Disks
• Seeding supermassive black holes with a non-vortical dark-matter subcomponent
• Stability of self-gravitating Bose-Einstein-Condensates
• Formation of the First Galaxies: Theory and Simulations

Cited by in corpus (6)

• An Ultralight Axion in Supersymmetry and Strings and Cosmology at Small Scales
• Stability of Condensed Fuzzy Dark Matter Halos
• Thermodynamics of static and stationary black holes in Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet gravity with dark matter
• Pairwise Interactions of Ring Dark Solitons with Vortices and other Rings: Stationary States, Stability Features and Nonlinear Dynamics
• Nonlinearity and Topology
• Black Hole Menagerie, Charged/Dyonic BHs and Radiation from Interacting Dyonic BH Pairs