Di-hadron fragmentation and mapping of the nucleon structure

Abstract

The fragmentation of a colored parton directly into a pair of colorless hadrons is a non-perturbative mechanism that offers important insights into the nucleon structure. Di-hadron fragmentation functions can be extracted from semi-inclusive electron-positron annihilation data. They also appear in observables describing the semi-inclusive production of two hadrons in deep-inelastic scattering of leptons off nucleons or in hadron-hadron collisions. When a target nucleon is transversely polarized, a specific chiral-odd di-hadron fragmentation function can be used as the analyzer of the net density of transversely polarized quarks in a transversely polarized nucleon, the so-called transversity distribution. The latter can be extracted through suitable single-spin asymmetries in the framework of collinear factorization, thus in a much simpler framework with respect to the traditional one in single-hadron fragmentation. At subleading twist, the same chiral-odd di-hadron fragmentation function provides the cleanest access to the poorly known twist-3 parton distribution $e(x)$, which is intimately related to the mechanism of dynamical chiral symmetry breaking in QCD. When sensitive to details of transverse momentum dynamics of partons, the di-hadron fragmentation functions for a longitudinally polarized quark can be connected to the longitudinal jet handedness to explore possible effects due to $CP-$violation of the QCD vacuum. In this review, we outline the formalism of di-hadron fragmentation functions, we discuss different observables where they appear and we present measurements and future worldwide plans.

19 pages, 18 figures. Contribution to the EPJA Special Issue on "3D Structure of the Nucleon"

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Cited by in corpus (13)

• Parton Fragmentation Functions
• Transverse spin effects in hard semi-inclusive collisions
• TMDs and SSAs in hadronic interactions
• Where do we stand with a 3-D picture of the proton?
• Semi-inclusive production of two back-to-back hadron pairs in $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ annihilation revisited
• Dihadron fragmentation functions in the quark-jet model: Longitudinally polarized quarks
• Dihadron fragmentation functions in the quark-jet model: Transversely polarized quarks
• Semi-inclusive back-to-back production of a hadron pair and a single hadron in $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ annihilation
• Tensor form factors of the octet hyperons in QCD
• Analogies between hadron-in-jet and dihadron fragmentation
• Isovector and isoscalar tensor form factors of $N(1535)\to N$ transition in light-cone QCD
• Handedness Correlation from Quark Polarization
• The hadron pair forward-backward asymmetry in the electron positron annihilation process