Cross-phase modulation of a probe stored in a waveguide for non-destructive detection of photonic qubits

Abstract

Non-destructive detection of photonic qubits is an enabling technology for quantum information processing and quantum communication. For practical applications such as quantum repeaters and networks, it is desirable to implement such detection in a way that allows some form of multiplexing as well as easy integration with other components such as solid-state quantum memories. Here we propose an approach to non-destructive photonic qubit detection that promises to have all the mentioned features. Mediated by an impurity-doped crystal, a signal photon in an arbitrary time-bin qubit state modulates the phase of an intense probe pulse that is stored during the interaction. Using a thulium-doped waveguide in LiNbO${}_3$, we perform a proof-of-principle experiment with macroscopic signal pulses, demonstrating the expected cross-phase modulation as well as the ability to preserve the coherence between temporal modes. Our findings open the path to a new key component of quantum photonics based on rare-earth-ion doped crystals.

6+5 pages, 4 figures

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• Self-Amplification-Assisted Highly Efficient Integrated Laser
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• Optical and spin properties of a single praseodymium ion in a crystal
• Quantum networks using rare-earth ions
• Coupling of a quantum memory and telecommunication wavelength photons for high-rate entanglement distribution in quantum repeaters
• Optical coherence and energy-level properties of a Tm${}^{3+}$-doped LiNbO${}_3$ waveguide at sub-Kelvin temperatures
• Controlling rare-earth ions in a nanophotonic resonator using the ac Stark shift
• Frequency-multiplexed storage and distribution of narrowband telecom photon pairs over a 10-km fiber link with long-term system stability
• Qubit teleportation between a memory-compatible photonic time-bin qubit and a solid-state quantum network node
• Theory of cavity-enhanced non-destructive detection of photonic qubits in a solid-state atomic ensemble
• Entanglement distribution between quantum repeater nodes with an absorptive type memory
• Quantum Cryptography with Weak Measurements