Star Formation triggered by cloud-cloud collisions

Abstract

We present the results of SPH simulations in which two clouds, each having mass $M_{{}_{\mathrm{o}}}=500{\mathrm{M}}_{{}_{\odot }}$ and radius $R_{{}_{\mathrm{o}}}=2\mathrm{pc}$, collide head-on at relative velocities of $\Delta v_{{}_{\mathrm{o}}}=2.4,2.8,3.2,3.6\mathrm{and}4.0\mathrm{km}{\mathrm{s}}^{-1}$. There is a clear trend with increasing $\Delta v_{{}_{\mathrm{o}}}$. At low $\Delta v_{{}_{\mathrm{o}}}$, star formation starts later, and the shock-compressed layer breaks up into an array of predominantly radial filaments; stars condense out of these filaments and fall, together with residual gas, towards the centre of the layer, to form a single large-$N$ cluster, which then evolves by competitive accretion, producing one or two very massive protostars and a diaspora of ejected (mainly low-mass) protostars; the pattern of filaments is reminiscent of the hub and spokes systems identified recently by observers. At high $\Delta v_{{}_{\mathrm{o}}}$, star formation occurs sooner and the shock-compressed layer breaks up into a network of filaments; the pattern of filaments here is more like a spider's web, with several small-$N$ clusters forming independently of one another, in cores at the intersections of filaments, and since each core only spawns a small number of protostars, there are fewer ejections of protostars. As the relative velocity is increased, the {\it mean} protostellar mass increases, but the {\it maximum} protostellar mass and the width of the mass function both decrease. We use a Minimal Spanning Tree to analyse the spatial distributions of protostars formed at different relative velocities.

10 pages, 11 figures

References in corpus (6)

• SPLASH: An interactive visualisation tool for Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics simulations
• The Birth of Molecular Clouds: Formation of Atomic Precursors in Colliding Flows
• Molecular clouds towards RCW 49 and Westerlund 2; Evidence for cluster formation triggered by cloud-cloud collision
• Isolating signatures of major cloud-cloud collisions using position-velocity diagrams
• The frequency and nature of `cloud-cloud collisions' in galaxies
• Early evolution of embedded clusters

Cited by in corpus (57)

• Multi-temperature mapping of dust structures throughout the Galactic Plane using the PPMAP tool with Herschel Hi-GAL data
• GMC Collisions as Triggers of Star Formation. III. Density and Magnetically Regulated Star Formation
• GMC Collisions as Triggers of Star Formation. II. 3D Turbulent, Magnetized Simulations
• An ALMA view of molecular filaments in the Large Magellanic Cloud I: The formation of high-mass stars and pillars in the N159E-Papillon Nebula triggered by a cloud-cloud collision
• Classification of Filament Formation Mechanisms in Magnetized Molecular Clouds
• SILCC-ZOOM: The early impact of ionizing radiation on forming molecular clouds
• GMC Collisions as Triggers of Star Formation. V. Observational Signatures
• Filament coalescence and hub structure in MonR2: Implications to massive star and cluster formation
• FOREST Unbiased Galactic plane Imaging survey with the Nobeyama 45-m telescope (FUGIN) 2: Possible evidence for formation of NGC~6618 cluster in M17 by cloud-cloud collision
• Synthetic observations of star formation and the interstellar medium
• FOREST Unbiased Galactic plane Imaging survey with the Nobeyama 45-m telescope (FUGIN) : Molecular clouds toward W33 ; possible evidence for a cloud-cloud collision triggering O star formation
• The dynamical evolution of molecular clouds near the Galactic Centre -- III. Tidally--induced star formation in protocluster clouds
• The formation of young massive clusters by colliding flows
• The effect of photoionising feedback on star formation in isolated and colliding clouds
• The role of collision speed, cloud density, and turbulence in the formation of young massive clusters via cloud-cloud collisions
• Globular Cluster Formation from Colliding Substructure
• A scaling relation for the molecular cloud lifetime in Milky Way-like galaxies
• Kinematics and Structure of Star-forming Regions: Insights from Cold Collapse Models
• FOREST Unbiased Galactic plane Imaging survey with the Nobeyama 45 m telescope (FUGIN). VI. Dense gas and mini-starbursts in the W43 giant molecular cloud complex
• Connecting the Scales: Large Area High-resolution Ammonia Mapping of NGC 1333
• Simultaneous evidence of edge collapse and hub-filament configurations: A rare case study of a Giant Molecular Filament G45.3+0.1
• ${\mathcal{Q}}^{+}$: Characterising the structure of young star clusters
• GMC Collisions as Triggers of Star Formation. VII. The Effect of Magnetic Field Strength on Star Formation
• RCW 120: A possible case of hit and run, elucidated by multi temperature dust mapping
• Unraveling the observational signatures of cloud-cloud collision and hub-filament systems in W31
• Molecular line signatures of cloud-cloud collisions
• Cloud-cloud collision as origin of the G31.41+0.31 massive protocluster
• The SEDIGISM survey: Molecular cloud morphology. I. Classification and star formation
• Formation of hub-filament structure triggered by cloud-cloud collision in W33 complex
• AFGL 5180 and AFGL 6366S: sites of hub-filament systems at the opposite edges of a filamentary cloud
• The origin of a universal filament width in molecular clouds
• Building the molecular cloud population: the role of cloud mergers
• Atacama Large Aperture Submillimeter Telescope (AtLAST) Science: Our Galaxy
• The Effect of Shock Wave Duration on Star Formation and the Initial Condition of Massive Cluster Formation
• Synthetic line and continuum observations of simulated turbulent clouds: the apparent widths of filaments
• The role of previous generations of stars in triggering star formation and driving gas dynamics
• Bipolar H{\sc ii} regions produced by cloud/cloud collisions
• Towards the impact of GMC collisions on the star formation rate
• Collision between Molecular Clouds I. The effect of the cloud virial ratio in head-on collisions
• The CARMA-NRO Orion Survey: Filament Formation via Collision-Induced Magnetic Reconnection -- The Stick in Orion A
• IC 5146 dark Streamer: is a first reliable candidate of edge collapse, hub-filament systems, and intertwined sub-filaments?
• New evidences in IRDC G333.73+0.37: colliding filamentary clouds, hub-filament system, and embedded cores
• Massive core/star formation triggered by cloud-cloud collision: II High-speed collisions of magnetized clouds
• A ram-pressure threshold for star formation
• Cloud-cloud collision and star formation in G013.313+0.193
• Ionising feedback from an O star formed in a shock-compressed layer
• Observational Bias and Young Massive Cluster Characterisation I. 2D Perspective Effects
• Gas and star kinematics in cloud-cloud collisions
• Line emission from filaments in molecular clouds
• Correlation of gas dynamics and dust in the evolved filament G82.65-02.00
• Shock waves in Interstellar Cloud-Cloud and Wind-Cloud Collisions
• A possible far-ultraviolet flux-dependent core mass function in NGC 6357
• Ionized filaments and ongoing physical processes in massive star-forming sites around l = 345.5 degree
• Collision Between Molecular Clouds-III: The effects of cloud initial density profile on head-on collisions
• Magnetic field of a ring-like shape molecular cloud
• Grouped star formation: converting sink particles to stars in hydrodynamical simulations
• The influence of magnetic fields in Cloud-Cloud Collisions