Topological Properties of Electrons in Honeycomb Lattice with Kekulé Hopping Textures

Abstract

Honeycomb lattice can support electronic states exhibiting Dirac energy dispersion, with graphene as the icon. We propose to derive nontrivial topology by grouping six neighboring sites of honeycomb lattice into hexagons and enhancing the inter-hexagon hopping energies over the intra-hexagon ones. We reveal that this manipulation opens a gap in the energy dispersion and drives the system into a topological state. The nontrivial topology is characterized by the ${\mathbb{Z}}_2$ index associated with a pseudo time-reversal symmetry emerging from the $C_6$ symmetry of the Kekulé hopping texture, where the angular momentum of orbitals accommodated on the hexagonal "artificial atoms" behaves as the pseudospin. The size of topological gap is proportional to the hopping-integral difference, which can be larger than typical spin-orbit couplings by orders of magnitude and potentially renders topological electronic transports available at high temperatures.

7 pages, 7 figures

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• Bound states of fractionalized excitations in a modulated Kitaev spin liquid
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• Kekulé valence bond order in the honeycomb lattice optical Su-Schrieffer-Heeger Model and its relevance to Graphene
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• Possible gapless helical edge states in hydrogenated graphene
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• Topological Pseudospin Hall Effect and Multi-frequency Corner Modes in Kagome-based Lattices
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• Single $\pi$-flux hosting topological defect modes in bilayer acoustic metamaterials
• Dynamics of transport by helical edge states