Production of Charge in Heavy Ion Collisions

Abstract

By analyzing preliminary experimental measurements of charge-balance functions from the STAR Collaboration at the Relativistic-Heavy-Ion Collider (RHIC), it is found that pictures where balancing charges are produced in a single surge, and therefore separated by a single length scale, are inconsistent with data. In contrast, a model that assumes two surges, one associated with the formation of a thermalized quark-gluon plasma and a second associated with hadronization, provides a far superior reproduction of the data. A statistical analysis of the model comparison finds that the two-surge model best reproduces the data if the charge production from the first surge is similar to expectations for equilibrated matter taken from lattice gauge theory. The charges created in the first surge appear to separate by approximately one unit of spatial rapidity before emission, while charges from the second wave appear to have separated by approximately a half unit or less.

arXiv comment17 pages, 9 figures

References in corpus (26)

• Systematic Measurements of Identified Particle Spectra in pp, d+Au and Au+Au Collisions from STAR
• Identified Charged Particle Spectra and Yields in Au+Au Collisions at sqrt(s_NN) = 200 GeV
• Disappearance of back-to-back high $p_T$ hadron correlations in central Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV
• Hadron production in Au-Au collisions at RHIC
• 200 A GeV Au+Au collisions serve a nearly perfect quark-gluon liquid
• Fluctuations of conserved charges at finite temperature from lattice QCD
• Baryon-strangeness correlations: a diagnostic of strongly interacting matter
• Clocking hadronization in relativistic heavy ion collisions with balance functions
• Charge conservation in RHIC and contributiuons to local parity violation observables
• Constraining the Eq. of State of Super-Hadronic Matter from Heavy-Ion Collisions
• Freeze-out parameters from electric charge and baryon number fluctuations: is there consistency?
• Determining Fundamental Properties of Matter Created in Ultrarelativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions
• Narrowing of the Balance Function with Centrality in Au+Au Collisions at sqrt(sNN) = 130 GeV
• Non-thermal p/pi ratio at LHC as a consequence of hadronic final state interactions
• Towards a Deeper Understanding of How Experiments Constrain the Underlying Physics of Heavy-Ion Collisions
• Charge correlations using the balance function in Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=2.76$ TeV
• Balance Functions from Au+Au, d+Au, and p+p Collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV
• Are there hadronic bound states above the QCD transition temperature?
• Characterizing the formation history of Milky Way-like stellar haloes with model emulators
• The balance functions in azimuthal angle is a measure of the transverse flow
• Identifying the Charge Carriers of the Quark-Gluon Plasma
• Longitudinal scaling property of the charge balance function in Au + Au collisions at 200 GeV
• Determination of freeze-out conditions from fluctuation observables measured at RHIC
• Net-charge fluctuations and balance functions at the LHC
• Study of charge-dependent azimuthal correlations using reaction-plane-dependent balance functions
• Reaction Plane and Beam Energy Dependence Of The Balance Function at RHIC

Cited by in corpus (23)

• Evolving Charge Correlations in a Hybrid Model with both Hydrodynamics and Hadronic Boltzmann Descriptions
• Determining the Diffusivity for Light Quarks from Experiment
• Causal Electric Charge Diffusion and Balance Functions in Relativistic Heavy Ion Collisions
• Charge Balance Functions for Heavy-Ion Collisions at LHC Energies
• Two particle differential transverse momentum and number density correlations in p-Pb and Pb-Pb at the LHC
• Rapidity Correlation Structure in Nuclear Collisions
• Differential two-particle number and momentum correlations with the AMPT, UrQMD, and EPOS models in Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{{\text{s}}_{{}_{\mathrm{NN}}}}$= 2.76 TeV
• General balance functions of identified charged hadron pairs of $(\pi ,\mathrm{K},\mathrm{p})$ in Pb$-$Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=2.76$ TeV
• Evolution of Charge Fluctuations and Correlations in the Hydrodynamic Stage of Heavy Ion Collisions
• Relating Measurable Correlations in Heavy Ion Collisions to Bulk Properties of Equilibrated QCD Matter
• Charge Conservation and Higher Moments of Charge Fluctuations
• Calculating n-Point Charge Correlations in Evolving Systems
• Simulation studies of ${\mathrm{R}}_2(\mathrm{\Delta }\eta ,\mathrm{\Delta }\phi )$ and ${\mathrm{P}}_2(\mathrm{\Delta }\eta ,\mathrm{\Delta }\phi )$ correlation functions in pp collisions with the PYTHIA and HERWIG models
• Consistent Implementation of Finite-Range Terms into Hydrodynamics
• Effects of Non-Vanishing Net Charge in Balance Functions
• The BEST framework for the search for the QCD critical point and the chiral magnetic effect
• Using Baryonic Charge Balance Functions to Resolve Questions about the Baryo-Chemistry of the QGP
• Probing the Gluon Plasma with Charm Balance Functions
• Multiplicity and transverse momentum dependence of charge-balance functions in pPb and PbPb collisions at LHC energies
• Charm balance function in relativistic heavy-ion collisions
• Measurements of differential two-particle number and transverse momentum correlation functions in pp collisions at $\sqrt{\text{s}}$ = 13 TeV
• Balance functions of charged hadron pairs $(\pi ,K,p)\otimes (\pi ,K,p)$ in Pb--Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{{}_{\mathrm{NN}}}}=$2.76 TeV
• The Interplay of Femtoscopic and Charge-Balance Correlations