Horizon Run 4 Simulation: Coupled Evolution of Galaxies and Large-scale Structures of the Universe

Abstract

The Horizon Run 4 is a cosmological $N$-body simulation designed for the study of coupled evolution between galaxies and large-scale structures of the Universe, and for the test of galaxy formation models. Using $6300^3$ gravitating particles in a cubic box of $L_{\mathrm{box}}=3150h^{-1}\mathrm{Mpc}$, we build a dense forest of halo merger trees to trace the halo merger history with a halo mass resolution scale down to $M_s=2.7\times 10^{11}{h}^{-1}{\mathrm{M}}_{\odot }$. We build a set of particle and halo data, which can serve as testbeds for comparison of cosmological models and gravitational theories with observations. We find that the FoF halo mass function shows a substantial deviation from the universal form with tangible redshift evolution of amplitude and shape. At higher redshifts, the amplitude of the mass function is lower, and the functional form is shifted toward larger values of $\ln (1/\sigma )$. We also find that the baryonic acoustic oscillation feature in the two-point correlation function of mock galaxies becomes broader with a peak position moving to smaller scales and the peak amplitude decreasing for increasing directional cosine $\mu$ compared to the linear predictions. From the halo merger trees built from halo data at 75 redshifts, we measure the half-mass epoch of halos and find that less massive halos tend to reach half of their current mass at higher redshifts. Simulation outputs including snapshot data, past lightcone space data, and halo merger data are available at http://sdss.kias.re.kr/astro/Horizon-Run4/.

17 pages, 17 Figures, Accepted for Publication in JKAS. Data available at http://sdss.kias.re.kr/astro/Horizon-Run4/

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• Cylinders out of a top hat: counts-in-cells for projected densities
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• HIR4: cosmology from a simulated neutral hydrogen full sky using Horizon Run 4
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• Low-Surface-Brightness Galaxies are missing in the observed Stellar Mass Function
• The HectoMAP Cluster Survey - II. X-ray Clusters
• Search and analysis of giant radio galaxies with associated nuclei (SAGAN) IV. Interplay with the Supercluster environment
• Farpoint: A High-Resolution Cosmology Simulation at the Gigaparsec Scale
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• Cosmological Parameter Estimation from the Two-Dimensional Genus Topology -- Measuring the Expansion History using the Genus Amplitude as a Standard Ruler
• Topology of Large-Scale Structures of Galaxies in Two Dimensions - Systematic Effects
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• Resolution Convergence in Cosmological Hydrodynamical Simulations Using Adaptive Mesh Refinement
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• Cosmological constraints from the redshift dependence of the volume effect using the galaxy 2-point correlation function across the line-of-sight
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• Cosmological constraints from the redshift dependence of the Alcock-Paczynski effect: Possibility of estimateing the non-linear systematics using fast simulations
• Improving Constraint on ${\Omega }_m$ from SDSS Using Marked Correlation Functions
• Counts-in-Cells of subhaloes in the IllustrisTNG simulations: the role of baryonic physics
• Tomographic Alcock-Paczynski Method with Redshift Errors
• Approximate methods for the generation of dark matter halo catalogs in the age of precision cosmology
• Emergence of the Galaxy Morphology-Star Formation Activity-Clustercentric Radius Relations in Galaxy Clusters
• Quantifying the Rarity of the Local Super-Volume
• The richest clusters in the Coma and Leo superclusters: Properties and evolution