Simple top-down preparation of magnetic Bi${}_{0.9}$Gd${}_{0.1}$Fe${}_{1-x}$Ti${}_x$O${}_3$ nanoparticles by ultrasonication of multiferroic bulk material

Abstract

We present a simple technique to synthesize ultrafine nanoparticles directly from bulk multiferroic perovskite powder. The starting materials, which were ceramic pellets of the nominal compositions of Bi${}_{0.9}$Gd${}_{0.1}$Fe${}_{1-x}$Ti${}_x$O${}_3$ (x = 0.00-0.20), were prepared initially by a solid state reaction technique, then ground into micrometer-sized powders and mixed with isopropanol or water in an ultrasonic bath. The particle size was studied as a function of sonication time with transmission electron microscopic imaging and electron diffraction that confirmed the formation of a large fraction of single-crystalline nanoparticles with a mean size of 11-13 nm. A significant improvement in the magnetic behavior of Bi${}_{0.9}$Gd${}_{0.1}$Fe${}_{1-x}$Ti${}_x$O${}_3$ nanoparticles compared to their bulk counterparts was observed at room temperature. This sonication technique may be considered as a simple and promising route to prepare ultrafine nanoparticles for functional applications.

7 pages, 5 figures

References in corpus (4)

• Multiferroicity, The coupling between magnetic and polarization
• Weak ferromagnetism and magnetoelectric coupling in bismuth ferrite
• Room temperature coexistence of large electric polarization and magnetic order in BiFeO3 single crystals
• Room temperature dielectric and magnetic properties of Gd and Ti co-doped BiFeO${}_3$ ceramics

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