Interaction of solitons in dipolar Bose-Einstein condensates and formation of soliton molecules

Abstract

The interaction between two bright solitons in a dipolar Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) has been investigated aiming at finding the regimes when they form a stable bound state, known as soliton molecule. To study soliton interactions in BEC we employed a method similar to that used in experimental investigation of the interaction between solitons in optical fibers. The idea consists in creating two solitons at some spatial separation from each other at initial time $t_0$, and then measuring the distance between them at a later time $t_1>t_0$. Depending on whether the distance between solitons has increased, decreased or remained unchanged, compared to its initial value at $t_0$, we conclude that soliton interaction was repulsive, attractive or neutral, respectively. We propose an experimentally viable method for estimating the binding energy of a soliton molecule, based on its dissociation at critical soliton velocity. Our theoretical analysis is based on the variational approach, which appears to be quite accurate in describing the properties of soliton molecules in dipolar BEC, as reflected in good agreement between the analytical and numerical results.

8 pages, 5 figures

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• Strongly dipolar gases in a one-dimensional lattice: Bloch oscillations and matter-wave localization
• Anomalous oscillations of dark solitons in trapped dipolar condensates
• Classical linear chain behavior from dipolar droplets to supersolids
• Generation of density waves in dipolar quantum gases by time-periodic modulation of atomic interactions
• Balancing long-range interactions and quantum pressure: solitons in the HMF model
• Interwires polar soliton molecules in a biwire system
• Weakly bound solitons and two-soliton molecules in dipolar Bose-Einstein condensates
• Normal mode oscillations of a nonlocal composite matter wave soliton
• Coherent Impurity Transport in an Attractive Binary Bose-Einstein condensate
• Breathing solitons induced by collision in dipolar Bose-Einstein condensates
• Soliton Dimer-soliton scattering in coupled Quasi-one-dimensional Dipolar Bose-Einstein Condensates
• Single impurity atom embedded in a dipolar two-soliton molecule as a qubit