The Second Post-Newtonian Light Propagation and Its Astrometric Measurement in the Solar System

Abstract

The relativistic theories of light propagation are generalized by introducing two new parameters $\varsigma$ and $\eta$ in the second post-Newtonian (2PN) order, in addition to the parameterized post-Newtonian parameters $\gamma$ and $\beta$. This new 2PN parameterized (2PPN) formalism includes the non-stationary gravitational fields and the influences of all kinds of relativistic effects. The multipolar components of gravitating bodies are taken into account as well at the first post-Newtonian order. The equations of motion and their solutions of this 2PPN light propagation problem are obtained. Started from the definition of a measurable quantity, a gauge-invariant angle between the directions of two incoming photons for a differential measurement in astrometric observation is discussed and its formula is derived. For a precision level of a few microacrsecond ($\mu$as) for space astrometry missions in the near future, we further consider a model of angular measurement, LATOR-like missions. In this case, all terms with aimed at the accuracy of $\sim 1\mu$as are estimated.

22 pages;Accepted for publication in International Journal of Modern Physics D (IJMPD)

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• Total light deflection in the gravitational field of an axisymmetric body at rest with full mass and spin multipole structure
• Gravitational deflection of light in polar-axis plane of a moving Kerr-Newman black hole
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