Third law of thermodynamics and the shape of the phase diagram for systems with a first-order quantum phase transition

Abstract

The Third Law of Thermodynamics constrains the phase diagram of{systems with a first-order quantum phase transition. For zero conjugate field, the coexistence curve has an infinite slope at T=0. If a tricritical point exists at T>0, then the associated tricritical wings are perpendicular to the T=0 plane, but not to the zero-field plane. These results are based on the third law and basic thermodynamics only, and are completely general. As an explicit example we consider the ferromagnetic quantum phase transition in clean metals, where a first-order quantum phase transition is commonly observed.

arXiv comment4pp, 3 figs, final version as published

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• Metallic Quantum Ferromagnets
• Ferromagnetic Quantum Critical Point Avoided by the Appearance of Another Magnetic Phase in LaCrGe${}_3$ under Pressure
• Quantum tricritical point in the temperature-pressure-magnetic field phase diagram of CeTiGe${}_3$
• Wing structure in the phase diagram of the Ising Ferromagnet URhGe close to its tricritical point investigated by angle-resolved magnetization measurements
• Probing the quantum phase transition in Mott insulator BaCoS_2 tuned by pressure and Ni-substitution
• Constraints on the merging of the transition lines at the tricritical point in a wing-structure phase diagram
• Thermodynamics of a spin-1/2 XYZ Heisenberg chain with a Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction
• The quantum ferromagnetic transition in a clean Kondo lattice is discontinuous
• Magnon excitations and quantum critical behavior of the ferromagnet U${}_4$Ru${}_7$Ge${}_6$