Reference-less measurement of the transmission matrix of a highly scattering material using a DMD and phase retrieval techniques

Abstract

This paper investigates experimental means of measuring the transmission matrix (TM) of a highly scattering medium, with the simplest optical setup. Spatial light modulation is performed by a digital micromirror device (DMD), allowing high rates and high pixel counts but only binary amplitude modulation. We used intensity measurement only, thus avoiding the need for a reference beam. Therefore, the phase of the TM has to be estimated through signal processing techniques of phase retrieval. Here, we compare four different phase retrieval principles on noisy experimental data. We validate our estimations of the TM on three criteria : quality of prediction, distribution of singular values, and quality of focusing. Results indicate that Bayesian phase retrieval algorithms with variational approaches provide a good tradeoff between the computational complexity and the precision of the estimates.

References in corpus (2)

• Image Transmission Through an Opaque Material
• Focusing Light through Random Photonic Media by Binary Amplitude Modulation

Cited by in corpus (16)

• Light fields in complex media: mesoscopic scattering meets wave control
• Online learning of the transfer matrix of dynamic scattering media: wavefront shaping meets multidimensional time series
• Controlling light propagation in multimode fibers for imaging, spectroscopy and beyond
• Correlation-enhanced control of wave focusing in disordered media
• Learning-based real-time method to looking through scattering medium beyond the memory effect
• Spatio-temporal wavefront shaping in a microwave cavity
• Efficient reference-less transmission matrix retrieval for a multimode fiber using fast Fourier transform
• Single-step transmission matrix retrieval for fast imaging through multi-mode fibers
• Manipulating the transmission matrix of scattering media for nonlinear imaging beyond the memory effect
• Shaping Microwave Fields using Non-Linear Unsolicited Feedback: Application to Enhanced Energy Harvesting
• Referenceless characterisation of complex media using physics-informed neural networks
• Recognizing three-dimensional phase images with deep learning
• Pseudounitary Floquet scattering matrix for wave-front shaping in time-periodic photonic media
• How to find optimal quantum states for optical micromanipulation and metrology in complex scattering problems: tutorial
• Machine learning-driven complex models for wavefront shaping through multimode fibers
• Upper bounds on focusing light through multimode fibers