Compaction and Quenching of High-z Galaxies in Cosmological Simulations: Blue and Red Nuggets

Adi Zolotov; Avishai Dekel; Nir Mandelker; Dylan Tweed; Shigeki Inoue; Colin DeGraf; Daniel Ceverino; Joel Primack; Guillermo Barro; Sandra M. Faber

doi:10.1093/mnras/stv740

paper

Compaction and Quenching of High-z Galaxies in Cosmological Simulations: Blue and Red Nuggets

arXiv:1412.4783 · doi:10.1093/mnras/stv740

Abstract

We use cosmological simulations to study a characteristic evolution pattern of high redshift galaxies. Early, stream-fed, highly perturbed, gas-rich discs undergo phases of dissipative contraction into compact, star-forming systems (blue nuggets) at z~4-2. The peak of gas compaction marks the onset of central gas depletion and inside-out quenching into compact ellipticals (red nuggets) by z~2. These are sometimes surrounded by gas rings or grow extended dry stellar envelopes. The compaction occurs at a roughly constant specific star-formation rate (SFR), and the quenching occurs at a constant stellar surface density within the inner kpc ( $Σ_{1}$ ). Massive galaxies quench earlier, faster, and at a higher $Σ_{1}$ than lower-mass galaxies, which compactify and attempt to quench more than once. This evolution pattern is consistent with the way galaxies populate the SFR-radius-mass space, and with gradients and scatter across the main sequence. The compaction is triggered by an intense inflow episode, involving (mostly minor) mergers, counter-rotating streams or recycled gas, and is commonly associated with violent disc instability. The contraction is dissipative, with the inflow rate >SFR, and the maximum $Σ_{1}$ anti-correlated with the initial spin parameter, as predicted by Dekel & Burkert (2014). The central quenching is triggered by the high SFR and stellar/supernova feedback (possibly also AGN feedback) due to the high central gas density, while the central inflow weakens as the disc vanishes. Suppression of fresh gas supply by a hot halo allows the long-term maintenance of quenching once above a threshold halo mass, inducing the quenching downsizing.

Resubmitted to MNRAS after responding to referee's comments; Updated and added two figures

Compaction and Quenching of High-z Galaxies in Cosmological Simulations: Blue and Red Nuggets

Abstract

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