Universe in a black hole in Einstein$-$Cartan gravity

Abstract

The conservation law for the angular momentum in curved spacetime, consistent with relativistic quantum mechanics, requires that the antisymmetric part of the affine connection (torsion tensor) is a variable in the principle of least action. The coupling between the spin of elementary particles and torsion in the Einstein$-$Cartan theory of gravity generates gravitational repulsion at extremely high densities in fermionic matter, approximated as a spin fluid, and thus avoids the formation of singularities in black holes. The collapsing matter in a black hole should therefore bounce at a finite density and then expand into a new region of space on the other side of the event horizon, which may be regarded as a nonsingular, closed universe. We show that quantum particle production caused by an extremely high curvature near a bounce can create enormous amounts of matter, produce entropy, and generate a finite period of exponential expansion (inflation) of this universe. This scenario can thus explain inflation without a scalar field and reheating. We show that, depending on the particle production rate, such a universe may undergo several nonsingular bounces until it has enough matter to reach a size at which the cosmological constant starts cosmic acceleration. The last bounce can be regarded as the big bang of this universe.

11 pages; published version

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Cited by in corpus (35)

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• Big bounce and closed universe from spin and torsion
• Einstein-Cartan Cosmologies
• Dynamic wormhole solutions in Einstein-Cartan gravity
• Detectable universes inside regular black holes
• How the Big Bang Ends up Inside a Black Hole
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• The simplest origin of the big bounce and inflation
• Scale Invariance, Horizons, and Inflation
• Black Holes and Neutron Stars in an Oscillating Universe
• A nonsingular, anisotropic universe in a black hole with torsion and particle production
• Cosmology with variable $G$ and nonlinear electrodynamics
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• A modified Friedmann equation for a system with varying gravitational mass
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• Non-particle dark matter from Hubble parameter
• Gravitational Collapse without Singularity Formation in Brans-Dicke Theory
• Does space-time torsion determine the minimum mass of gravitating particles?
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• Cosmological Dark Matter Amplification through Dark Torsion
• Gravitational Slip parameter and Gravitational Waves in Einstein-Cartan theory
• Big Bounce or Double Bang? A Reply to Craig and Sinclair on the Interpretation of Bounce Cosmologies
• Noncommutative momentum and torsional regularization
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• Gravitational collapse with torsion and universe in a black hole
• Symmetric affine surfaces with torsion
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