The energy and momentum of the Universe

Abstract

The Einstein$-$Cartan$-$Sciama$-$Kibble theory of gravity naturally extends general relativity to include quantum-mechanical, intrinsic angular momentum of matter by equipping spacetime with torsion. Using the Einstein energy$-$momentum pseudotensor for the gravitational field in this theory, we show that the energy and momentum of the closed Universe are equal to zero. Since the positive energy from mass and motion of the observed matter in the Universe exceeds in magnitude the negative energy from gravity, the Universe must contain another form of matter whose energy is negative. This form, which cannot be composed from particles, might be the observed dark matter.

arXiv comment6 pages; published version

References in corpus (5)

• Cosmology with torsion: An alternative to cosmic inflation
• Nonsingular, big-bounce cosmology from spinor-torsion coupling
• New Light on Dark Matter
• Radial motion into an Einstein-Rosen bridge
• Nonsingular Dirac particles in spacetime with torsion

Cited by in corpus (8)

• Universe in a black hole in Einstein$-$Cartan gravity
• Big bounce and closed universe from spin and torsion
• Non-parametric reconstruction of an inflaton potential from Einstein-Cartan-Sciama-Kibble gravity with particle production
• The Spin Tensor of Dark Matter and the Hubble Parameter Tension
• A nonsingular, anisotropic universe in a black hole with torsion and particle production
• Gravitational collapse of a fluid with torsion into a universe in a black hole
• Non-particle dark matter from Hubble parameter
• Primordial fluctuations of scale factor in closed Universe in Einstein$-$Cartan gravity