Green Algae as Model Organisms for Biological Fluid Dynamics

Abstract

In the past decade the volvocine green algae, spanning from the unicellular $Chlamydomonas$ to multicellular $Volvox$, have emerged as model organisms for a number of problems in biological fluid dynamics. These include flagellar propulsion, nutrient uptake by swimming organisms, hydrodynamic interactions mediated by walls, collective dynamics and transport within suspensions of microswimmers, the mechanism of phototaxis, and the stochastic dynamics of flagellar synchronization. Green algae are well suited to the study of such problems because of their range of sizes (from 10 $\mu$m to several millimetres), their geometric regularity, the ease with which they can be cultured and the availability of many mutants that allow for connections between molecular details and organism-level behavior. This review summarizes these recent developments and highlights promising future directions in the study of biological fluid dynamics, especially in the context of evolutionary biology, that can take advantage of these remarkable organisms.

22 pages, 9 figures; Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics 47, in press (2015)

References in corpus (33)

• Novel type of phase transition in a system of self-driven particles
• The hydrodynamics of swimming microorganisms
• Hydrodynamic attraction of swimming microorganisms by surfaces
• Fluid dynamics and noise in bacterial cell-cell and cell-surface scattering
• Fluid dynamics of bacterial turbulence
• Direct measurement of the flow field around swimming microorganisms
• Dancing Volvox: Hydrodynamic Bound States of Swimming Algae
• Ciliary contact interactions dominate surface scattering of swimming eukaryotes
• Effective viscosity of microswimmer suspensions
• Oscillatory Flows Induced by Microorganisms Swimming in Two-dimensions
• Self-Starting Micromotors in a Bacterial Bath
• Hydrodynamic flow patterns and synchronization of beating cilia
• Spontaneous creation of macroscopic flow and metachronal waves in an array of cilia
• Self-organized Beating and Swimming of Internally Driven Filaments
• Like-charge attraction through hydrodynamic interaction
• A macroscopic scale model of bacterial flagellar bundling
• Generic Conditions for Hydrodynamic Synchronization
• Stirring by squirmers
• Cell body rocking is a dominant mechanism for flagellar synchronization in a swimming alga
• Efficiency optimization and symmetry-breaking in a model of ciliary locomotion
• Optimal feeding is optimal swimming for all Péclet numbers
• Lag, lock, sync, slip: the many "phases" of coupled flagella
• Fluid transport by individual microswimmers
• Emergent Run-and-Tumble Behavior in a Simple Model of Chlamydomonas with Intrinsic Noise
• Antiphase Synchronization in a Flagellar-Dominance Mutant of Chlamydomonas
• Lévy Fluctuations and Tracer Diffusion in Dilute Suspensions of Algae and Bacteria
• Synchronization of flexible sheets
• Irreducible Representations Of Oscillatory And Swirling Flows In Active Soft Matter
• Swimmer-tracer scattering at low Reynolds number
• How to Track Protists in Three Dimensions
• Effective pseudo-potentials of hydrodynamic origin
• Fluid Velocity Fluctuations in a Suspension of Swimming Protists
• Hydrodynamic synchronisation of non-linear oscillators at low Reynolds number

Cited by in corpus (97)

• Bacterial hydrodynamics
• The 2019 Motile Active Matter Roadmap
• Phototaxis of synthetic microswimmers in optical landscapes
• Coordinated Beating of Algal Flagella is Mediated by Basal Coupling
• Collisional Aggregation due to Turbulence
• Active colloids in complex fluids
• Squirmers with swirl -- a model for $Volvox$ swimming
• Vortex arrays and ciliary tangles underlie the feeding-swimming tradeoff in starfish larvae
• Microalgae scatter off solid surfaces by hydrodynamic and contact forces
• Loopy Lévy flights enhance tracer diffusion in active suspensions
• Scattering of biflagellate microswimmers from surfaces
• Realizing the physics of motile cilia synchronization with driven colloids
• The Bank Of Swimming Organisms at the Micron Scale (BOSO-Micro)
• A review of active matter reviews
• Swimming eukaryotic microorganisms exhibit a universal speed distribution
• Universal hydrodynamic mechanisms for crystallization in active colloidal suspensions
• Motility of Colonial Choanoflagellates and the Statistics of Aggregate Random Walkers
• Motility and Phototaxis of $Gonium$, the Simplest Differentiated Colonial Alga
• Swirling Instability of the Microtubule Cytoskeleton
• Brownian motion of a circle swimmer in a harmonic trap
• A brief introduction to the model microswimmer {\it Chlamydomonas reinhardtii}
• Rechargeable self-assembled droplet microswimmers driven by surface phase transitions
• Stability of dancing Volvox
• Effective interactions between inclusions in an active bath
• Swimming with a cage: Low-Reynolds-number locomotion inside a droplet
• Extreme fluctuations of active Brownian motion
• The 2024 Motile Active Matter Roadmap
• Axisymmetric Squirmers in Stokes Fluid with Nonuniform Viscosity
• Transient dispersion process of active particles
• Pair-distribution function of active Brownian spheres in two spatial dimensions: simulation results and analytic representation
• Competing chemical and hydrodynamic interactions in autophoretic colloidal suspensions
• Jeffery's orbits and microswimmers in flows: A theoretical review
• Wall curvature driven dynamics of a microswimmer
• Fluid mechanics of mosaic ciliated tissues
• Internal friction controls active ciliary oscillations near the instability threshold
• Capillary action in scalar active matter
• Transitions in synchronization states of model cilia through basal-connection coupling
• Multi-species dynamical density functional theory for microswimmers: derivation, orientational ordering, trapping potentials, and shear cells
• Elasticity and Glocality: Initiation of Embryonic Inversion in $Volvox$
• Re-enterant efficiency of phototaxis in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii cells
• Particle-scale statistical theory for hydrodynamically induced polar ordering in microswimmer suspensions
• Low-Reynolds-number, bi-flagellated Quincke swimmers with multiple forms of motion
• Rebound and scattering of motile Chlamydomonas algae in confined chambers
• Strong confinement of active microalgae leads to inversion of vortex flow and enhanced mixing
• Active fluids at circular boundaries: Swim pressure and anomalous droplet ripening
• Three-body correlations and conditional forces in suspensions of active hard disks
• Stability of arrays of bottom-heavy spherical squirmers
• Flow Characteristics of Chlamydomonas result in Purely Hydrodynamic Scattering
• Morphoelasticity of Large Bending Deformations of Cell Sheets during Development
• Thermo-osmotic slip flows around a thermophoretic microparticle characterized by optical trapping of tracers
• Data-driven classification of individual cells by their non-Markovian motion
• Population splitting of rodlike swimmers in Couette flow
• Stochastic Kinetic Theory for Collective Behavior of Hydrodynamically Interacting Active Particles
• Helical and oscillatory microswimmer motility statistics from differential dynamic microscopy
• Stochastic force dynamics of the model microswimmer Chlamydomonas reinhardtii: Active forces and energetics
• Fluctuating hydrodynamics and the Brownian motion of an active colloid near a wall
• A Minimal Model of the Hydrodynamical Coupling of Flagella on a Spherical Body with application to Volvox
• Most probable path of an active Brownian particle
• Asymmetric bistability of chiral particle orientation in viscous shear flows
• Periodic Orbits of Active Particles induced by Hydrodynamic Monopoles
• Hydrodynamics with spin in bacterial suspensions
• Stirrers and movers actuated by oscillating fields
• Snapping elastic disks as microswimmers: swimming at low Reynolds numbers by shape hysteresis
• Embryonic Inversion in $Volvoxcarteri$: The Flipping and Peeling of Elastic Lips
• Enhanced velocity fluctuations in interacting swimmer suspensions
• Jet-driven viscous locomotion of confined thermoresponsive microgels
• Inertial self-propulsion of spherical microswimmers by rotation-translation coupling
• Enhancement of microorganism swimming speed in active matter
• Passively parallel regularized stokeslets
• Stealthy Movements and Concealed Swarms of Swimming micro-Robots
• Elasto-inertial Chains in a Two-dimensional Turbulent Flow
• Length control of long cell protrusions: rulers, timers and transport
• Metachronal waves in the flagellar beating of $Volvox$ and their hydrodynamic origin
• Active dipolar spheroids in shear flow and transverse field: Population splitting, cross-stream migration and orientational pinning
• Chemoreception and chemotaxis of a three-sphere swimmer
• Re-entrant bimodality in spheroidal chiral swimmers in shear flow
• Rigid flocks, undulatory gaits, and chiral foldamers in a chemically active polymer
• Fluctuating hydrodynamics of an autophoretic particle near a permeable interface
• Geometric phase methods with Stokes theorem for a general viscous swimmer
• Engineering passive swimmers by shaking liquids
• On the General Analytical Solution of the Kinematic Cosserat Equations
• Intracellular coupling modulates biflagellar synchrony
• Ewald summing irreducible components of flow around active particles
• Self-organised structures in mixed active-passive suspensions due to hydrodynamic interactions
• Motion of hydrodynamically interacting active particles
• Global asymptotic stability of the active disassembly model of flagellar length control
• Cell division sets a universal flow geometry in cell layers
• Reinforcement learning of a biflagellate model microswimmer
• Modal analysis and optimization of swimming active filaments
• Motility and rotation of multi-timescale microswimmers in linear background flows
• Inferring activity from the flow field around active colloidal particles using deep learning
• Flocking transition in phoretically interacting active particles with pinning disorder
• Method of regularised stokeslets: Flow analysis and improvement of convergence
• Fragmentation and aggregation of cyanobacterial colonies
• Noncentral forces mediated between inclusions in a bath of active Brownian rods
• Travelling waves are hydrodynamically optimal for long-wavelength flagella
• Mechanics and Variability of Cell Sheet Folding in the Embryonic Inversion of $Volvox$