Solar cycle variation in solar irradiance

Abstract

The correlation between solar irradiance and the 11-year solar activity cycle is evident in the body of measurements made from space, which extend over the past four decades. Models relating variation in solar irradiance to photospheric magnetism have made significant progress in explaining most of the apparent trends in these observations. There are, however, persistent discrepancies between different measurements and models in terms of the absolute radiometry, secular variation and the spectral dependence of the solar cycle variability. We present an overview of solar irradiance measurements and models, and discuss the key challenges in reconciling the divergence between the two.

References in corpus (41)

• The Solar Cycle
• Solar Irradiance Variability and Climate
• Recent variability of the solar spectral irradiance and its impact on climate modelling
• A new approach to long-term reconstruction of the solar irradiance leads to large historical solar forcing
• Sunrise: instrument, mission, data and first results
• The Sunrise Mission
• The solar magnetic field
• Observational manifestations of solar magneto-convection -- center-to-limb variation
• Reconstruction of total and spectral solar irradiance from 1974 to 2013 based on KPVT, SoHO/MDI and SDO/HMI observations
• The intensity contrast of solar granulation: comparing Hinode SP results with MHD simulations
• Fully resolved quiet-Sun magnetic flux tube observed with the Sunrise IMaX instrument
• A homogeneous database of sunspot areas covering more than 130 years
• Towards a long-term record of solar total and spectral irradiance
• On the intensity contrast of solar photospheric faculae and network elements
• Reconstruction of total solar irradiance 1974-2009
• NLTE solar irradiance modeling with the COSI code
• Properties of sunspots in cycle 23: I. Dependence of brightness on sunspot size and cycle phase
• Point spread functions for the Solar Optical Telescope onboard Hinode
• Why one-dimensional models fail in the diagnosis of average spectra from inhomogeneous stellar atmospheres
• Vortices, shocks, and heating in the solar photosphere: effect of a magnetic field
• Intensity contrast of solar network and faculae
• Solar irradiance variability: A six-year comparison between SORCE observations and the SATIRE model
• Synoptic solar radio observations as proxies for upper atmosphere modelling
• NLTE model calculations for the solar atmosphere with an iterative treatment of opacity distribution functions
• Bright points in the quiet Sun as observed in the visible and near-UV by the balloon-borne observatory Sunrise
• Stray light correction and contrast analysis of Hinode broad band images
• Spectral irradiance variations: Comparison between observations and the SATIRE model on solar rotation time scales
• A new SATIRE-S spectral solar irradiance reconstruction for solar cycles 21--23 and its implications for stratospheric ozone
• The continuum intensity as a function of magnetic field I. Active region and quiet Sun magnetic elements
• 3-D non-LTE radiative transfer effects in Fe I lines: II. Line formation in 3-D radiation hydrodynamic simulations
• Point spread function of SDO/HMI and the effects of stray light correction on the apparent properties of solar surface phenomena
• A High-Resolution Three-Dimensional Model of the Solar Photosphere Derived from Hinode Observations
• The brightness of magnetic field concentrations in the quiet Sun
• Reconstructed and measured total solar irradiance: Is there a secular trend between 1978 and 2003?
• Correlation of Spectral Solar Irradiance with solar activity as measured by VIRGO
• Radiative emission of solar features in the Ca II K line: comparison of measurements and models
• Intensity contrast from MHD simulations and from HINODE observations
• Dimming of the 17th Century Sun
• Solar irradiance models and measurements: a comparison in the 220 nm to 240 nm wavelength band
• Modelling solar irradiance variability on time scales from minutes to months
• Detection of Solar Rotational Variability in the LYRA 190 - 222 nm Spectral Band

Cited by in corpus (30)

• The Mount Wilson Observatory S-index of the Sun
• Solar Irradiance Variability is Caused by the Magnetic Activity on the Solar Surface
• EMPIRE: A robust empirical reconstruction of solar irradiance variability
• UV solar irradiance in observations and the NRLSSI and SATIRE-S models
• Solar magnetoconvection and small-scale dynamo: Recent developments in observation and simulation
• Solar cycle indices from the photosphere to the corona: measurements and underlying physics
• The role of the Fraunhofer lines in solar brightness variability
• Reconstruction of spectral solar irradiance since 1700 from simulated magnetograms
• The Dimmest State of the Sun
• Brightness of Solar Magnetic Elements as a Function of Magnetic Flux at High Spatial Resolution
• Data Fusion of Total Solar Irradiance Composite Time Series Using 41 Years of Satellite Measurements
• Monitoring the large-scale magnetic field of AD~Leo with SPIRou, ESPaDOnS and Narval. Toward a magnetic polarity reversal?
• Estimates of Active Region Area Coverage through Simultaneous Measurements of He I $\lambda \lambda$ 5876 and 10830 Lines
• Total Solar Irradiance during the Last Five Centuries
• Photometric Properties of Network and Faculae Derived from HMI Data Compensated for Scattered-Light
• The correlation of synthetic UV color vs Mg II index along the solar cycle
• Influence of the Sun-like magnetic cycle on exoplanetary atmospheric escape
• The space weather around the exoplanet GJ 436b
• Effects of continuum fudging on non-LTE synthesis of stellar spectra. I. Effects on estimates of UV continua and Solar Spectral Irradiance variability
• Is It Small-scale Weak Magnetic Activity That Effectively Heats the Upper Solar Atmosphere?
• How faculae and network relate to sunspots, and the implications for solar and stellar brightness variations
• 1D atmosphere models from inversion of Fe I 630 nm observations with an application to solar irradiance studies
• Variation of the Mn I 539.4 nm line with the solar cycle
• Angular dependence of the facular-sunspot coverage relation as derived by MDI magnetograms
• The relationship between bipolar magnetic regions and their sunspots
• Evolution of Long Term Variability in Solar Analogs
• Temperature gradient in the solar photosphere. Test of a new spectroscopic method and study of its feasibility for ground-based telescopes
• Method of frequency dependent correlations: investigating the variability of total solar irradiance
• Reconstruction of total solar irradiance variability as simultaneously apparent from Solar Orbiter and Solar Dynamics Observatory
• Solar Spectral Irradiance Variability in Cycle 24: Observations and Models