Probing dark energy models with extreme pairwise velocities of galaxy clusters from the DEUS-FUR simulations

Abstract

Observations of colliding galaxy clusters with high relative velocity probe the tail of the halo pairwise velocity distribution with the potential of providing a powerful test of cosmology. As an example it has been argued that the discovery of the Bullet Cluster challenges standard $\Lambda$CDM model predictions. Halo catalogs from N-body simulations have been used to estimate the probability of Bullet-like clusters. However, due to simulation volume effects previous studies had to rely on a Gaussian extrapolation of the pairwise velocity distribution to high velocities. Here, we perform a detail analysis using the halo catalogs from the Dark Energy Universe Simulation Full Universe Runs (DEUS-FUR), which enables us to resolve the high-velocity tail of the distribution and study its dependence on the halo mass definition, redshift and cosmology. Building upon these results we estimate the probability of Bullet-like systems in the framework of Extreme Value Statistics. We show that the tail of extreme pairwise velocities significantly deviates from that of a Gaussian, moreover it carries an imprint of the underlying cosmology. We find the Bullet Cluster probability to be two orders of magnitude larger than previous estimates, thus easing the tension with the $\Lambda$CDM model. Finally, the comparison of the inferred probabilities for the different DEUS-FUR cosmologies suggests that observations of extreme interacting clusters can provide constraints on dark energy models complementary to standard cosmological tests.

Submitted to MNRAS, 15 pages, 12 figures, 3 tables

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• Merging galaxy clusters in IllustrisTNG
• Discovery of a >13 Mpc long X-ray filament between two galaxy clusters beyond three times their virial radii
• Halo Counts-in-cells for Cosmological Models with Different Dark Energy
• Ray tracing the integrated Sachs-Wolfe effect through the light cones of the Dark Energy Universe Simulation -- Full Universe Runs
• X-ray cluster cosmology
• Magrathea-Pathfinder: A 3D adaptive-mesh code for geodesic ray tracing in $N$-body simulations
• Dissociation of dark matter and gas in cosmic large-scale structure
• The Density Parity Model for the Evolution of the Subhalo Inner Spin Alignments with the Cosmic Web