Reviving quark nuggets as a candidate for dark matter

Abstract

We discuss a novel mechanism for segregation of baryons and anti-baryons in the quark-gluon plasma phase which can lead to formation of quark and antiquark nuggets in the early universe, irrespective of the order of the quark-hadron phase transition. This happens due to CP violating scattering of quarks and antiquarks from moving $Z(3)$ domain walls. CP violation here is spontaneous in nature and arises from the nontrivial profile of the background gauge field ($A_0$ ) between different $Z(3)$ vacua. We study the effect of this spontaneous CP violation on the baryon transport across the collapsing large $Z(3)$ domain walls (which can arise in the context of certain low energy scale inflationary models). Our results show that this CP violation can lead to large concentrations of baryons and anti-baryons in the early universe. The quark and antiquark nuggets, formed by this alternate mechanism, can provide a viable dark matter candidate within standard model without violating any observational constraints.

10 pages, 5 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev. D

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• Quark Nugget Dark Matter: No contradictions with neutrino flux constraints
• Muon bundles as a sign of strangelets from the Universe
• Detection of magnetized quark-nuggets, a candidate for dark matter
• Mass distribution of magnetized quark-nugget dark matter and comparison with observations
• Radio frequency emissions from dark-matter-candidate magnetized quark nuggets interacting with matter
• Limits on Magnetized Quark-Nugget Dark Matter from Episodic Natural Events
• Arguing on entropic and enthalpic first-order phase transitions in strongly interacting matter
• Pulsar as a Weber detector of gravitational waves and a probe to its internal phase transitions
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• Neutrino emission and initial evolution of axionic quark nuggets
• Decay of baryon inhomogeneities in an expanding universe
• Spontaneous CP violating quark scattering from asymmetric $Z\left(3\right)$ interfaces in QGP
• Primordial magnetic field generation in the Quark Gluon Plasma phase
• Finding strangelets in cosmic rays from HESS J1731-347, a possible strange quark star using the Cherenkov Telescope Array Observatory