Observing Properties of an Interacting Homogeneous Bose--Einstein Condensate: Heisenberg-Limited Momentum Spread, Interaction Energy and Free-Expansion Dynamics

Abstract

We study the properties of an atomic Bose--Einstein condensate produced in an optical-box potential, using high-resolution Bragg spectroscopy. For a range of box sizes, up to $70\mu$m, we directly observe Heisenberg-limited momentum uncertainty of the condensed atoms. We measure the condensate interaction energy with a precision of $k_B\times 100$ pK and study, both experimentally and numerically, the dynamics of its free expansion upon release from the box potential. All our measurements are in good agreement with theoretical expectations for a perfectly homogeneous condensate of spatial extent equal to the size of the box, which also establishes the uniformity of our optical-box system on a sub-nK energy scale.

4.4 pages, 5 figures

References in corpus (4)

• Many-Body Physics with Ultracold Gases
• Bragg spectroscopy of a strongly interacting 85Rb Bose-Einstein condensate
• Direct imaging of topological edge states in cold-atom systems
• Observation of deviations from ideal gas thermodynamics in a trapped Bose-Einstein condensed gas

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