Uncovering the Intrinsic Variability of Gamma-ray Bursts

Abstract

We develop a robust technique to determine the minimum variability timescale for Gamma-ray Burst light curves, utilizing Haar wavelets. Our approach averages over the data for a given GRB, providing an aggregate measure of signal variation while also retaining sensitivity to narrow pulses within complicated time-series. In contrast to previous studies using wavelets, which simply define the minimum timescale in reference to the measurement noise floor, our approach identifies the signature of temporally-smooth features in the wavelet scaleogram and then additionally identifies a break in the scaleogram on longer timescales as signature of a true, temporally-unsmooth light curve feature or features. We apply our technique to the large sample of Swift GRB Gamma-ray light curves and for the first time -- due to the presence of a large number of GRBs with measured redshift -- determine the distribution of minimum variability timescales in the source frame. We find a median minimum timescale for long-duration GRBs in the source frame of $\Delta t_{\min }=0.5$ s, with the shortest timescale found being on the order of 10 ms. This short timescale suggests a compact central engine ($3\times 10^3$ km). We discuss further implications for the GRB fireball model and present a tantalizing correlation between minimum timescale and redshift, which may in part be due to cosmological time-dilation.

18 pages, 10 figures, 1 table, accepted to ApJ

References in corpus (3)

• A Complete Catalog of Swift GRB Spectra and Durations: Demise of a Physical Origin for Pre-Swift High-Energy Correlations
• Observations of the Naked-Eye GRB 080319B: Implications of Nature's Brightest Explosion
• Pulse Width Evolution of Late Time X-rays Flares in GRBs: Evidence For Internal Shocks

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• Spectral Diversities of Gamma-ray Bursts in High Energy Bands: Hints from Turbulent Cascade
• A generalized method to measure the Lorentz factor from gamma-ray burst photospheric emission
• Jitter radiation: towards TeV-photons of gamma-ray bursts
• Study of a Population of Gamma-ray Bursts with Low-Luminosity Afterglows