Discriminating single-photon states unambiguously in high dimensions

Abstract

The ability to uniquely identify a quantum state is integral to quantum science, but for non-orthogonal states, quantum mechanics precludes deterministic, error-free discrimination. However, using the non-deterministic protocol of unambiguous state discrimination (USD) enables error-free differentiation of states, at the cost of a lower frequency of success. We discriminate experimentally between non-orthogonal, high-dimensional states encoded in single photons; our results range from dimension $d=2$ to $d=14$. We quantify the performance of our method by comparing the total measured error rate to the theoretical rate predicted by minimum-error state discrimination. For the chosen states, we find a lower error rate by more than one standard deviation for dimensions up to $d=12$. This method will find immediate application in high-dimensional implementations of quantum information protocols, such as quantum cryptography.

arXiv comment4 pages + 3 pages supplementary, 4 figures

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• Certification of a Nonprojective Qudit Measurement using Multiport Beamsplitters
• Experimental quantum tomography assisted by multiply symmetric states in higher dimensions
• Experimental investigation of wave-particle duality relations in asymmetric beam interference
• Quantum state discrimination in a PT-symmetric system
• Enhanced discrimination of high-dimensional quantum states by concatenated optimal measurement strategies
• Unambiguous path discrimination in a two-path interferometer
• Optimal quantum state identification with qudit-encoded unknown states
• Proposal for Automated Operations for Single-Photon Multipath Qudits
• Unveiling the non-Abelian statistics of $D(S_3)$ anyons via photonic simulation
• Experimental optimal discrimination of $N$ states of a qubit with fixed rates of inconclusive outcomes
• Unambiguous discrimination of general quantum operations
• Discrimination of metric theories