Shape derivatives for minima of integral functionals

Abstract

For $\Omega$ varying among open bounded sets in ${\mathbb{R}}^n$, we consider shape functionals $J(\Omega )$ defined as the infimum over a Sobolev space of an integral energy of the kind ${\int }_{\Omega }[f(\nabla u)+g(u)]$, under Dirichlet or Neumann conditions on $\partial \Omega$. Under fairly weak assumptions on the integrands $f$ and $g$, we prove that, when a given domain $\Omega$ is deformed into a one-parameter family of domains ${\Omega }_{\epsilon }$ through an initial velocity field $V\in W^{1,\infty }({\mathbb{R}}^n,{\mathbb{R}}^n)$, the corresponding shape derivative of $J$ at $\Omega$ in the direction of $V$ exists. Under some further regularity assumptions, we show that the shape derivative can be represented as a boundary integral depending linearly on the normal component of $V$ on $\partial \Omega$. Our approach to obtain the shape derivative is new, and it is based on the joint use of Convex Analysis and Gamma-convergence techniques. It allows to deduce, as a companion result, optimality conditions in the form of conservation laws.

Mathematical Programming, September 2013

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