Accelerating the Averaging Rate of Atomic Ensemble Clock Stability using Atomic Phase Lock

Abstract

We experimentally demonstrated that the stability of an atomic clock improves at fastest rate ${\tau }^{-1}$ (where $\tau$ is the averaging time) when the phase of a local oscillator is genuinely compared to the continuous phase of many atoms in a single trap (atomic phase lock). For this demonstration, we developed a simple method that repeatedly monitors the atomic phase while retaining its coherence by observing only a portion of the whole ion cloud. Using this new method, we measured the continuous phase over 3 measurement cycles, and thereby improved the stability scaling from ${\tau }^{-1/2}$ to ${\tau }^{-1}$ during the 3 measurement cycles. %Compared with the standard method that initialize phase during each measurement cycle, the long term stability was improved by a factor of $\sqrt{n_{cp}}$ (where $n_{cp}$ is the number of continuous phase measurements). This simple method provides a path by which atomic clocks can approach a quantum projection noise limit, even when the measurement noise is dominated by the technical noise.

12 pages, 6 figures

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