Atom-Light Interactions in Photonic Crystals

Abstract

The integration of nanophotonics and atomic physics has been a long-sought goal that would open new frontiers for optical physics. Here, we report the development of the first integrated optical circuit with a photonic crystal capable of both localizing and interfacing atoms with guided photons in the device. By aligning the optical bands of a photonic crystal waveguide (PCW) with selected atomic transitions, our platform provides new opportunities for novel quantum transport and many-body phenomena by way of photon-mediated atomic interactions along the PCW. From reflection spectra measured with average atom number N = 1.1$\pm$0.4, we infer that atoms are localized within the PCW by Casimir-Polder and optical dipole forces. The fraction of single-atom radiative decay into the PCW is ${\Gamma }_{1D}/{\Gamma }^{\prime }$ = 0.32$\pm$0.08, where ${\Gamma }_{1D}$ is the rate of emission into the guided mode and ${\Gamma }^{\prime }$ is the decay rate into all other channels. ${\Gamma }_{1D}/{\Gamma }^{\prime }$ is quoted without enhancement due to an external cavity and is unprecedented in all current atom-photon interfaces.

11 pages, 12 figures

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