Short-Term Radio Variability and Parsec-Scale Structure in a Gamma-Ray Narrow-Line Seyfert 1 Galaxy 1H 0323+342

Abstract

We made simultaneous single-dish and very long baseline interferometer (VLBI) observations of a narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxy (NLS1) 1H 0323+342, showing gamma-ray activity revealed by Fermi/LAT observations. We found significant variation of the total flux density at 8 GHz on the time scale of one month by the single-dish monitoring. The total flux density varied by 5.5% in 32 days, which is comparable to the gamma-ray variability time scale, corresponding to the variability brightness temperature of $7.0\times 10^{11}$ K. The source consists of central and southeastern components on the parsec (pc) scale. The flux of only the central component decreased in the same way as the total flux density, indicating that the short-term radio variability, and probably the gamma-ray emitting region, is associated with this component. From the VLBI observations we obtained the brightness temperatures of greater than $(5.2\pm 0.3)\times 10^{10}$ K, and derived the equipartition Doppler factor of greater than 1.7, the variability Doppler factor of 2.2, and the 8 GHz radio power of $10^{24.6}$ W Hz${}^{-1}$. Combining them we conclude that acceleration of radio jets and creation of high-energy particles are ongoing in the central engine, and that the apparent very radio-loud feature of the source is due to the Doppler-boosting effect, resulting in the intrinsic radio loudness to be an order of magnitude smaller than the observed values. We also conclude that the pc-scale jet represents recurrent activity from the the spectral fitting and the estimated kinematic age of pc- and kpc-scale extended components with different position angle.

16 pages, 7 figures, 5 tables, accepted for publication in ApJ

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