Spanning forests in regular planar maps

Abstract

We address the enumeration of p-valent planar maps equipped with a spanning forest, with a weight z per face and a weight u per connected component of the forest. Equivalently, we count p-valent maps equipped with a spanning tree, with a weight z per face and a weight μ:=u+1 per internally active edge, in the sense of Tutte; or the (dual) p-angulations equipped with a recurrent sandpile configuration, with a weight z per vertex and a variable μ:=u+1 that keeps track of the level of the configuration. This enumeration problem also corresponds to the limit q -> 0 of the q-state Potts model on p-angulations. Our approach is purely combinatorial. The associated generating function, denoted F(z,u), is expressed in terms of a pair of series defined implicitly by a system involving doubly hypergeometric series. We derive from this system that F(z,u) is differentially algebraic in z, that is, satisfies a differential equation in z with polynomial coefficients in z and u. This has recently been proved to hold for the more general Potts model on 3-valent maps, but via a much more involved and less combinatorial proof. For u >= -1, we study the singularities of F(z,u) and the corresponding asymptotic behaviour of its n-th coefficient. For u>0, we find the standard asymptotic behaviour of planar maps, with a subexponential term in n^{-5/2}. At u=0 we witness a phase transition with a term n^{-3}. When u\in[-1,0), we obtain an extremely unusual behaviour in n^{-3}(\ln n)^{-2}. To our knowledge, this is a new "universality class" for planar maps.

41 pp

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Cited by in corpus (10)

• Spanning forests in regular planar maps
• Selected non-holonomic functions in lattice statistical mechanics and enumerative combinatorics
• Is the full susceptibility of the square-lattice Ising model a differentially algebraic function?
• Critical Behaviour of Spanning Forests on Random Planar Graphs
• Planar maps and random partitions
• The generating function of planar Eulerian orientations
• Combinatoire du polynôme de Tutte et des cartes planaires
• A criterion for sharpness in tree enumeration and the asymptotic number of triangulations in Kuperberg's G2 spider
• Spanning trees in random series-parallel graphs
• Inhomogeneous order 1 iterative functional equations with applications to combinatorics