The Dark Side of the Universe after Planck

Abstract

Recently released Planck data implies a smaller Hubble constant $H_0$ than that from Hubble Space Telescope project (HST) and a larger percentage of the matter components ${\Omega }_m$ compared to Supernova Legacy Survey (SNLS) in $\Lambda$CDM model. In this paper we found that even though the tension on $H_0$ between Planck and HST can be relaxed if the dark radiation is introduced ($\Delta N_{\mathrm{eff}}=0.536_{-0.224}^{+0.229}$ at $68\%$ CL from the datasets of Planck+WMAP Polarization (WP)+baryon acoustic oscillation (BAO)+the combination of supernova Union2.1 compilation of 580 SNe (Union2.1)+HST), ${\Omega }_m$ from Planck is still not nicely compatible with that from SNLS. The tensions between Planck and other astrophysical datasets can be significantly relaxed in $w$CDM model, and the combination of these datasets prefers a phantom-like dark energy at more than $95\%$ CL: $w=-1.15\pm 0.07$ and $w=-1.16\pm 0.06$ at $68\%$ CL from Planck+WP+BAO+Union2.1+HST and Planck+WP+BAO+SNLS+HST respectively. From the statistical point of view, there is no evidence for a time-evolving equation of state ($\Delta {\chi }^2=-0.3$ compared to a constant equation of state for the combination of Planck+WP+BAO+SNLS+HST).

7 pages, 11 figures; refs added; version accepted for publication in Phys.Rev.D

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• The $H_0$ and ${\sigma }_8$ tensions and the scale invariant spectrum
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