Sommerfeld enhancements with vector, scalar and pseudoscalar force-carriers

Abstract

The first AMS-02 measurement confirms the existence of an excess in the cosmic-ray positron fraction previously reported by the PAMELA and Fermi-LAT experiments. If interpreted in terms of thermal dark matter (DM) annihilation, the AMS-02 result still suggests that the DM annihilation cross section in the present day should be significantly larger than that at freeze out. The Sommerfeld enhancement of DM annihilation cross section as a possible explanation for the observed excesses is subject to constraint from the DM thermal relic density, mainly due to the annihilation of DM particles into force-carrier particles introduced by the mechanism. We show that the effect of the Sommerfeld enhancement and the relic density constraint depend significantly on the nature of the force-carrier. Three cases where the force-carrier is a vector boson, scalar and pseudoscalar particle are investigated and compared with each other. The results show that for the vector force-carrier, the Sommerfeld enhancement can marginally account for the AMS-02 data for $2\mu$ final states, while for scalar force-carrier the allowed Sommerfeld enhancement can be larger by a factor of two. For the case with a pesudoscalar force-carrier, the Sommerfeld enhancement can be large enough to accommodate the AMS-02 and Fermi-LAT result for a variety of DM annihilation final states.

21 pages, 7 figures, references added

References in corpus (12)

• Observation of an anomalous positron abundance in the cosmic radiation
• A Theory of Dark Matter
• Measurement of the Cosmic Ray e+ plus e- spectrum from 20 GeV to 1 TeV with the Fermi Large Area Telescope
• Cosmology and Astrophysics of Minimal Dark Matter
• Heavy Dark Matter Through the Higgs Portal
• PAMELA Positron Excess as a Signal from the Hidden Sector
• Relic densities including Sommerfeld enhancements in the MSSM
• Enhancement of Dark Matter Annihilation via Breit-Wigner Resonance
• Substructure Boosts to Dark Matter Annihilation from Sommerfeld Enhancement
• Interpretation of AMS-02 Results: Correlations among Dark Matter Signals
• Resonance phenomena in ultracold dipole-dipole scattering
• Sommerfeld enhancement for a Yukawa potential

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