Long-term temporal variations in the areas of sunspot groups

Abstract

Recently, we analyzed the combined Greenwich and Solar Optical Observing Network (SOON) sunspot group data during the period 1874-2011 and studied variations in the annual numbers of small, large and big sunspot groups. Here that analysis is extended and studied variations in the mean maximum sizes (the mean values of maximum areas) of the aforementioned three classes of sunspot groups and also their combination. It is found that there is no significant correlation between the mean maximum size of any class of sunspot groups and the International Sunspot Number (Rz), probably due to in a given time interval small sunspot groups/sunspots outnumber the large ones. A pattern of an approximate 9-year period cycle is seen in the variations of the mean maximum sizes of the large and the big sunspot groups during a solar cycle. On long-time scales it is found that there exists a strong 130 or more years cycle in the variation of the mean size of the small sunspot groups, whereas there is a hint on the existence of approximate 44-year cycles in the variations of the mean maximum sizes of the large and the big sunspot groups. During the decline phase of cycle 23, there was a scarcity in the very small sunspot groups (maximum area AM < or = 37 msh), which may be related to the slow growth of sunspot groups during this period. During the minimum between cycles 23 and 24 may be due to the presence of a number of small sunspot groups whose AM > 37 msh was larger than that of whose AM < or = 37 msh, the relatively large size coronal holes were present at low-latitudes and the total solar irradiance was very low.

14 pages, 7 figures, accepted by Advances in Space Research. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1208.2862

References in corpus (8)

• The Solar Cycle
• Time Distributions of Large and Small Sunspot Groups Over Four Solar Cycles
• Prime orbits for some smooth flows on ${\mathbb{T}}^2$
• Multi-timescale Solar Cycles and the Possible Implications
• The G-O Rule and Waldmeier Effect in the Variations of the Numbers of Large and Small Sunspot Groups
• Long-Term Variations in the Growth and Decay Rates of Sunspot Groups
• Solar cycle variations in the growth and decay of sunspot groups
• Long-term variations in the mean meridional motion of the sunspot groups

Cited by in corpus (1)

• Temporal and Periodic Variations of Sunspot Counts in Flaring and Non-flaring Active Regions