Theoretical Models of Dark Energy

Abstract

Mounting observational data confirm that about 73% of the energy density consists of dark energy which is responsible for the current accelerated expansion of the Universe. We present observational evidences and dark energy projects. We then review various theoretical ideas that have been proposed to explain the origin of dark energy; they contain the cosmological constant, modified matter models, modified gravity models and the inhomogeneous model. The cosmological constant suffers from two major problems: one regarding fine-tuning and the other regarding coincidence. To solve them there arose modified matter models such as quintessence, k-essence, coupled dark energy, and unified dark energy. We compare those models by presenting attractive aspects, new rising problems and possible solutions. Furthermore we review modified gravity models that lead to late-time accelerated expansion without invoking a new form of dark energy; they contain f(R) gravity and the Dvali-Gabadadze-Porrati model. We also discuss observational constraints on those models and on future modified gravity theories. Finally we review the inhomogeneous Lemaitre-Tolman-Bondi model that drops an assumption of the spatial homogeneity of the Universe. We also present basics of cosmology and scalar field theory, which are useful especially for students and novices to understand dark energy models.

Review article, 61 pages, 4 figures

References in corpus (32)

• Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) Three Year Results: Implications for Cosmology
• Dynamics of dark energy
• Five-Year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) Observations: Cosmological Interpretation
• Cosmology and the Fate of Dilatation Symmetry
• Dark Energy and the Accelerating Universe
• New Hubble Space Telescope Discoveries of Type Ia Supernovae at z > 1: Narrowing Constraints on the Early Behavior of Dark Energy
• Models of f(R) Cosmic Acceleration that Evade Solar-System Tests
• Improved Cosmological Constraints from New, Old and Combined Supernova Datasets
• Cosmological Constraints from the SDSS Luminous Red Galaxies
• Spectra and Light Curves of Six Type Ia Supernovae at 0.511 < z < 1.12 and the Union2 Compilation
• Observational Constraints on the Nature of the Dark Energy: First Cosmological Results from the ESSENCE Supernova Survey
• Improved Dark Energy Constraints from ~100 New CfA Supernova Type Ia Light Curves
• The Large Scale Structure of f(R) Gravity
• CfA3: 185 Type Ia Supernova Light Curves from the CfA
• Observational signatures of f(R) dark energy models that satisfy cosmological and local gravity constraints
• Report of the Dark Energy Task Force
• Matter density perturbations and effective gravitational constant in modified gravity models of dark energy
• Modified gravity models of dark energy
• Cascading DGP
• CMB anisotropies seen by an off-center observer in a spherically symmetric inhomogeneous universe
• The 2dF Galaxy Redshift Survey: Final Data Release
• The Hobby-Eberly Telescope Dark Energy Experiment (HETDEX): Description and Early Pilot Survey Results
• Model-Independent Distance Measurements from Gamma-Ray Bursts and Constraints on Dark Energy
• BigBOSS: The Ground-Based Stage IV Dark Energy Experiment
• Study of the Experimental Probe of Inflationary Cosmology (EPIC)-Intemediate Mission for NASA's Einstein Inflation Probe
• Dark Energy as a Modification of the Friedmann Equation
• Constraints on $w_0$ and $w_a$ of Dark Energy from High Redshift Gamma Ray Bursts
• The Experimental Probe of Inflationary Cosmology (EPIC): A Mission Concept Study for NASA's Einstein Inflation Probe
• Constraining DGP Gravity from Observational Data
• Shear-Selected Clusters From the Deep Lens Survey III: Masses from Weak Lensing
• Wide-Field InfraRed Survey Telescope (WFIRST) Interim Report
• Constraining the Nature of Dark Energy using the SKA

Cited by in corpus (18)

• Black holes in the presence of dark energy
• Effects of modified gravity on B-mode polarization
• Post-$Planck$ constraints on interacting vacuum energy
• The universe dominated by the extended Chaplygin gas
• QCD ghost reconstruction of f(T) gravity in flat FRW universe
• Non-parametric dark energy reconstruction using the tomographic Alcock-Paczynski test
• Will there be future deceleration? A study of particle creation mechanism in non-equilibrium thermodynamics
• An effective quintessence field with a power-law potential
• Some aspects of reconstruction using a scalar field in f (T ) Gravity
• Growth Rate in the Dynamical Dark Energy Models
• The redshift dependence of Alcock-Paczynski effect: cosmological constraints from the current and next generation observations
• Whether Lyra's Manifold Itself is a Hidden Source of Dark Energy
• Quintom cosmological model and some possible solutions using Lie and Noether symmetries
• Revisiting dark energy models using differential ages of galaxies
• Cosmological constraints from the redshift dependence of the volume effect using the galaxy 2-point correlation function across the line-of-sight
• Naturalizing Gravity of the Quantum Fields, and the Hierarchy Problem
• A class of regular bouncing cosmologies
• The Effects of Spatial Curvature on Cosmic Evolution